Assignment: Question in Mgt417 Slide Chapter 6

2012 Table of Contents Question 1: Differentiate among B2C and B2B electric commerce1 Question 2: Describe electronic storefronts and malls2 Question 3: List the major issues relating to e-tailing2 Question 4: Briefly differentiate between the sell-side and the buy-side marketplace3 Question 5: List 3 ethical issues and 3 legal issues in electronic commerce3 1. Differentiate among B2C and B2B electric commerce.The difference between B2B and B2C is the customer requirement. B2C focuses on individual customer transactions, whereas B2B focuses on other businesses as the consumer. This difference creates different needs for B2B applications. One difference between B2B and B2C is the type of order. For example, when you order office supplies or parts, you usually order the same products as well as the same amounts at fairly regular intervals. Repeat and standing orders are a common B2B requirement. Type of payment is also a different requirement for B2B transactions.When your company make s a purchase, you rarely use a credit card for payment. More likely, you will have varied forms of payment such as lines of credit and open orders. B2B applications are designed with these requirements in mind. Another difference is the type of search function in B2B applications. A catalog to browse through is not necessarily a requirement, depending on the type of B2B purchase you want to make. When shopping for specific items, your company may benefit from a configurator and bid function rather than browsing and searching an online catalog.Lastly, the type of connection between B2B and B2C differs. When you are connecting to a B2B application to make a purchase, you are normally connecting to one partner (a buy-side or sell side application) or several trusted partners (an e-marketplace or Trading partner agreement application). Because you are dealing with a relatively static list of trading partners, virtual private network (VPN) technology may be used to provide secure access to selected applications inside your firewall, thus avoiding the need to replicate data and applications outside your firewall. 2. Describe electronic storefronts and malls.Electronic Storefronts is a Web that represents a single store. Hundreds of thousands of electronic storefronts can be found on the Internet. Each one has its own uniform resource locator (URL), OE Internet address, at which buyers can place orders. Some electronic storefronts are extensions of physical stores such as Hermes, Sharper Image, and Wal-Mart. Others are new businesses started by entrepreneurs who saw a niche on the Web. Examplesare Restaurant. com and Alloy. com. Manufacturers for example, www. dell. com as well as retailers for example, www. officedepot. com also use storefronts.Whereas an electronic storefront represents a single store, an electronic mall, also known as cybermall or e-mall, is a collection of individual shops under a single Internet address. The basic idea of an electronic mall is t he same as that of a regular shopping mall – to provide a one-stop shopping place that offers many products and services. Each cybermall may include thousands of vendors. For example, Microsoft Shopping or now Bing shopping, www. bing. com/shopping includes tens of thousands of products from thousands of vendors. 3. List the major issues relating to e-tailing. Channel Conflicts †¢Conflicts within click-and-mortar organizations †¢Order fulfillment and logistics †¢Viability and risk of online e-tailers †¢Identifying appropriate revenue models 4. Briefly differentiate between the sell-side marketplace and the buy-side marketplace. There’s a few differences between between the sell-side marketplace and the buy-side marketplace. The sell-side marketplace is a model in which there are many buyers but one seller. In the sell-side marketplace model, organizations attempt to sell their products or services to other organizations electronically.This model is similar to the B2C model in which the buyer is expected to come to the seller’s site, view catalogs, and place an order. In this case, however, the buyer is an organization that may be a regular customer of the seller. The sell-side model is used by thousands of companies. Examples are major computer companies such as Cisco, IBM, and Intel. The seller in this model can be either a manufacturer, a distributor, or a retailer. Whereas the buy-side marketplace is a model in which there are many sellers but one buyer. The buy-side marketplace, also known as e-procurement, is a model in which EC technology is used to streamline the urchasing process in order to reduce the cost of items purchased. A major method of e-procurement is a reverse auction. In reverse auctions there is one buyer, who wants to buy a product or service. Suppliers are invited to submit bids. The supplier that submits the lowest bid wins. Such auctions attract larger pools of willing suppliers. 5. List 3 ethic al issues and 3 legal issues in electronic commerce. Ethical issues 1. Free Speech 2. Privacy 3. Disintermediation Legal issues 1. Copyright 2. Cyber squatting 3. Fraud on the Internet

Electrical Power- Distribution System

Task 1: Describe the basic topology of the national grid network. The National Grid Network A national grid network is a network of cable that connects all the power stations in a country to transmit electricity to the consumers throughout the country. Electricity is in demand just about everywhere in the civilized world, and in Great Britain the network for supplying this electrical power is known commonly as the National Grid. The National Grid is an electric power transmission network which connects the substations and power stations.This is so that any electrical energy generated in Great Britain, can be utilized and help meet energy demands elsewhere. This grid system also includes interconnections that run under the sea to Northern Ireland HVDC Moyle, the Isle of Man and France HVDC Cross-Channel. The electrical energy generated for the National grid needs to be moved around all parts of the country to supply the demand. There are two methods available for the transmission and distribution of electric power and these are:   * Underground Insulated Cables Overhead Cables (Bare Conductors Suspended at a Safe Height Above Ground) The overhead lines are generally used for high-voltage long distance transmission, because the cost is lower than underground cables, especially at higher voltages. In British practice, high voltage transmission lines carry voltages ranging from 66kv to 132kv, and extra high voltage lines carry voltages from 220kv to 380kv. In all cases the power is transmitted in the form of three-phase alternating current at 50cycles/sec, and the cost of an overhead line depends largely on conductor size and voltage [Cheesman, 2007].Figure 1: General layout of electricity networks (Diagram taken from: http://en. wikipedia. org) Structure of distribution grids The structure or â€Å"topology† of a grid can vary considerably. The physical layout is often forced by what land is available and its geology. The logical topology can vary dependi ng on the constraints of budget, requirements for system reliability, and the load and generation characteristics. A typical topology of a grid is shown in figure 2 below. A A Figure 2: Schematic representation of a radial system (Diagram taken from: http://www. transanatolia. eu)Figure represent a classic electricity distribution grids-simple radial tree, sending power from a source (point A representing power generation or a substation) to delivery points (other points representing homes, businesses, or other sub networks). The cheapest and simplest topology for a distribution or transmission grid is a radial structure. This is a tree shape where power from a large supply radiates out into progressively lower voltage lines until the destination homes and businesses are reached. Most transmission grids require the reliability that more complex mesh networks provide.Other topologies used are looped systems and tied ring networks. National grids are composed of many smaller electrica l networks that are linked together into a larger network called a Wide Area Synchronous Grid, also known as an interconnection. A Wide Area Synchronous Grid allows all the independent electrical networks in a particular area to be connected by synchronizing the electrical frequency between them. United Kingdom interconnections are synchronized at 50Hz. |   | Task 2: describe the basic topology of the ring and radial feeder system. Radial Feeder SystemIn a radial configuration, lines branch out sequentially and power flows strictly in one direction, only one path is connected between each customer and the substations. The electrical power flows from the substation to the customer along a single path. If this path is interrupted, it will result in a complete loss of power to the customer. The loading of a distribution feeder is inherently unbalanced because of the large number of unequal single-phase loads that must be served. An additional imbalance is introduced by the non-equila teral conductor spacing of the three-phase overhead and underground line segments.Figure 3 below shows the radial feeder system. Figure 3: Radial distribution system Some of the advantages of this system include: minimum initial cost and simplicity of planning, design and operation. Disadvantages include: low reliability factor, distributor nearer to the feeding end is heavily loaded. Ring or Loop system: In a ring, any two points are usually connected by more than one path, meaning that some lines form loops within the system. This distribution system consists of two or more paths between the substations and the customers. It is selected to carry its normal load plus the load of the other half of the loop also.Therefore the size of the feeder conductor in a loop distribution system is the same throughout the loop. Figure 4 below shows the ring or loop feeder system. Figure 4: Loop distribution system Advantages of this system include: Less conductor material is required as each par t of the ring carries less current. Less voltage fluctuations. It is more reliable. Disadvantages include: It is difficult to design compared to the radial system. Task 3. For the radial feeder shown in fig. 3. 1 calculate the following: 15A 15A 50A 50A B B 0. 2? 0. 2? 0. 1? 0. 1? 0. 06? 0. 06? A A 20A 20A 240V 240V D D C C Figure 3. 1 a) The load voltagesSolution: From figure 3. 1, the voltage drop from A to D is: VAD=0. 2IAB+0. 06IBC+0. 1ICD Current between A and B:IAB=50+15+20=85A Voltage drop from A to B: VA-B=0. 2*85=17V Voltage at B:VB= VA-VAB Therefore,VB=240-17=223V Current between B and C:IBC=85-50=35A Voltage drop from B to C:VB-C=0. 06*35=2. 1V Voltage at C:VC= VB-VBC=223-2. 1=220. 9V Current between C and D:ICD=35-15=20A Voltage drop from C to D: VC-D=0. 1*20=2V Voltage at D:VD= VC- VCD=220. 9-2=218. 9V Therefore Voltage drop from A to D: e=0. 2IAB+0. 06IBC+0. 1ICD =0. 2*85+0. 06*35+0. 1*20 VAD =17+2. 1+2=21. 1V b) The power lost in the cable.Power supplied to the system = 240 * 85 = 20400 W PLOSS = (VAB*IAB) + (VBC * IBC)+ (VCD*ICD ) = (17*85) + (2. 1*35) +(2*20) = 1445 + 73. 5 + 40 = 20400 – = 1558. 5W c) The power developed by each load. Power at B, PB = VB * IB = 223 * 50 = 11150W= 11. 15KW Power at C, PC = VC * IC = 220. 9 * 15 = 3313. 5W = 3. 31KW Power at D, PD = VD * ID = 218. 9 * 20 = 4378W = 4. 38KW Total Power developed = PB + PC + PD = 11150 + 3313. 5 + 4378 = 18841. 5W =18. 84KW d) The efficiency of the system The efficiency of the transmission line is given by: Efficiency =100% * Power supplied / (power supplied + power loss) PP+PL*100%= 2040020400+1558. 5*100%=92. 9% Task 4: Write a short report on distribution systems. The report should include the following content: i) The most common LV distribution systems used. ii) A diagram of the single phase 3 wire 240/120 topology iii) Description of the single phase 3 wire 240/120 development iv) The effect of unequal loading v) The advantages of the single phase 3 wire 240c/120v sys tem vi) A diagram of the three phase 4 wire 208v/120 topology vii) three phase 3 wire 600v topology, vii) three phase 4 wire 480v/277v topology. Examples of where this would be used Solution:Distribution Subsystem The distribution system connects the distribution substations to the consumers’ service-entrance equipment. There are two types of distribution system: the primary and secondary distribution system. The Primary Distribution System The primary distribution lines range from 4 to 34. 5 kV and supply the load in a well-defined geographical area. The transmission system voltage is stepped-down to lower levels by distribution substation transformers. The primary distribution system is that portion of the power network between the distribution substation and the utilization transformers.The primary distribution system consists of circuits, referred to as primary or distribution feeders that originate at the secondary bus of the distribution substation. The distribution sub station is usually the delivery point of electric power in large industrial or commercial applications Primary distribution system voltages range from 2,400 V to 69,000 V. The distribution voltages in widest use are 12,470 V and 13,200 V, both three and four wire. Types of Primary Distribution System. There are two fundamental types of primary distribution systems; Radial and Network.Simply defined, a radial system has a single simultaneous path of power flow to the load. A network has more than one simultaneous path. Each of the two types of systems has a number of variations. Figure 6 illustrates four primary feeder arrangements showing tie, loop, radial and parallel feeders. There are other more complex systems, such as the primary network (interconnected substations with feeders forming a grid) and dual-service network (alternate feeder to each load). These systems, however, are simply variations of the two basic feeder arrangements.Some small industrial customers are served dir ectly by the primary feeders. Figure 6: four primary feeder arrangements. (Diagram taken from: www. navalfacilities. tpub. com) The secondary Distribution System The secondary distribution network reduces the voltage for utilization by commercial and residential consumers. Lines and cables not exceeding a few hundred feet in length deliver power to the individual consumers. The secondary distribution serves most of the customers at levels of 240/120 V, single-phase, three-wire; 208Y/120 V, three-phase, four-wire; or 480Y/277 V, three-phase, four-wire.The power for a typical home is derived from a transformer that reduces the primary feeder voltage to 240/120 V using a three wire line. Distribution systems utilize both overhead and underground conductors. The voltage levels for a particular secondary system are determined by the loads to be served. The utilization voltages are generally in the range of 120 to 600 V. In residential and rural areas the nominal supply is a 120/240 V, si ngle-phase, three-wire grounded system. If three-phase power is required in these areas, the systems are normally 208Y/120 V or less commonly 240/120 V.In commercial or industrial areas, where motor loads are predominant, the common three-phase system voltages are 208Y/120 V and 480Y/277 V. The preferred utilization voltage for industrial plants, however, is 480Y/277 V. Three-phase power and other 480 V loads are connected directly to the system at 480 V and fluorescent lighting is connected phase to neutral at 277 V. Small dry-type transformers, rated 480-208Y/120 or 480-120/240 V, are used to provide 120 V single-phase for convenience outlets and to provide 208 V single- and three-phase for small tools and other machinery.Types of Secondary distribution Systems. Various circuit arrangements are available for secondary power distribution. The basic circuits are: simple radial system, expanded radial system, primary selective system, primary loop system, secondary selective system, and secondary spot network. References Alley, R. and Smith, K. (1992) Electrical Circuits: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 220-236. Altenergy. org (2008) Alternative Energy – Wind, Solar, Hydro and other alt energy sources for home power. [online] Available at: http://www. ltenergy. org/ [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012]. Cheesman, J. (2007) National Grid. [online] Available at: http://ezinearticles. com/? National-Grid&id=2431881 [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012]. Deshpande, M. (2010)  Electrical Power System Design  . New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, p. 256-300. Electrical-zine. blogspot. co. uk (2009) ELECTRICAL MAGAZINE: The Structure Of The Power System III. [online] Available at: http://electrical-zine. blogspot. co. uk /2009/08/structure-of-power-system-iii. html [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012]. En. wikipedia. rg (2011) Electrical grid – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Electrical_grid [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012]. Epuniversity. org (n. d. ) Electrical Configurations – Wye, Delta, Single and Split Phases. [online] Available at: http://www. epuniversity. org/w3. html [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012]. Learnaboutenergy. org (n. d. ) Types of Renewable Energy. [online] Available at: http://www. learnaboutenergy. org/renewable_energy/RenewableEnergy3. htm [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012]. Most. gov. mm (2011) Transformer Operation and system voltage control. online] Available at: http://www. most. gov. mm/techuni/media /EP_04018_2. pdf [Accessed: 17. 06. 12]. Navalfacilities. tpub. com (n. d. ) Secondary Voltage Levels. [online] Available at: http://navalfacilities. tpub. com/mo201/mo2010022. htm [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012]. Sivanagaraju, S. and satyanarayana, S. (2009)  Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution. New Delhi: Pearson Education, p. 479-512. Transanatolia. eu (2007) Electrical Grid. [online] Available at: http://www. transanatolia. eu/analyses/Energy/electrical-grid. htm [Accessed: 19 Jun 2012].

Chaucers Justinus and Placebo

Why do you think Chaucer includes Justinus and a placebo? What is the contribution of the latter discussion to the entire story? There are many factors gathered by the readers to keep the readers away from the characters in the story, especially from the complex and ambiguous series of shots they are seeing. They are all smaller or larger types or allegories. Justinus and Placebo are anthropomorphic allegories representing abstract attributes of good proposals and bad suggestions. It is derived from satirical and contemporary recommendations of the courts. There, there is told the recipient, usually the Prince, how to choose good counselors and avoid compelling their motivation as their own progress. In January, Discussion (1474) between two friends, placebo and Justinas announced that he decided to marry his soul (1400-1405). Now, this so-called controversy has brought about a sarcastic existence that existed since marriage debate, but businessmen - and some commentators - did not f ully know this, and he was one of his goals It is one. Basically speaking, there is no discussion about debate about marriage, and hoolynesse or dotage which is a substitute for merchants in this case includes a distinction without distinction. When placebo praised the decision of January (1478 - 1518), Justinus warned him that he should not hurry to do a tough and dangerous deal (1521 - 65), and they correctly won January The concept of marriage was defined. A sanctified way for men to meet (status). Betting is more like steak than old beef (1420) Like Justinus, as I pointed out already, I cite Bath's wife ironically, but Justinus is not worthy to argue against (1655ff.), But readers like Justinus may think unknown. Institution (1685) - 87) In fact, however, the issue of two blessings in January is a true theological problem in the 14th century. Dante discussed this in the fourth article of De Monarchia and Convivio The most authoritative index of the 13th century is the tradition of Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas and of course also included in his two paradises. Medium, the land of Plugatrio and the land next to it. Indeed, from a traditional theologian's point of view, January stated the problem in the wrong way as he began with an irrational premise - Justin tried to destroy him - the marriage is a perfect Earth We guaranteed happiness The manuscript of Diodorus ceased at the end of the 4th century BC and the surviving sources became very fragmented. For a continuous story, we have to go to the epic of Pompeius Trogus by the later Latin writers Justinus, but his explanation is relatively short, contemporary readers tell us the sequence of events he describes It may confuse. In the absence of a satisfactory continuous record Plutarch 's parallel life provides important insights into some of the most influential figures of the era: Dmitryus, Pirhus, Alatus, Ajis and Clemens. Plutarch has often been pointed out as a biographer, not a historian - but when he wrote his life he examined various modern history.

America is Finished Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America is Finished - Essay Example Spence, an economics professor at New York University’s Stern School of Business, a superior fellow in the Hoover Institution and former chairperson of Growth and Development Independent Commission, lives in Italy and California. The book is a nonfiction depiction of the future based on current trends and statistics in relation to previous happenings. The book talks about the Industrial Revolution third century, which is the era we are presently living in. As scholars that one can find can deduce it from limited resources, it is found that for numerous hundred decades until approximately 1750, the growth of the economy was insufficient anywhere in the Globe. By the world’s standards, majorities of people were pitiable and only a small group of the elite was rich. In some parts, there existed a small middle class, who were commercially oriented. This was the case visible almost the entire world. In 1750, England began a new and much improved course of the Industrial Revo lution raising the income per capita. The growth increased and was maintained for the pioneer time in the world’s history. This was the case for almost twenty decades until the Second World War began. By 1950, the standard earnings of persons living in the Industrial nations had increased by twenty times and in the case of more developed nations, this value rose more than this. This dramatic change of the growth pattern was limited to what we term industrialized or advanced nations. This changed the lives of about 15% of the globe's population. Apart from this group, the pattern of the previous hundred years merely presided thus little growth and people were still poor. This is to explain that, the global pattern was just one of the rapid divergences between the already developed and advanced verses others who are not. Commencing after the Second World War, the shift in pattern was tough at the initial stages to perceive it as a prominent trend started again. The nations in t he developing world began to develop. Initially, the growth was comparatively slow and only in distinct cases, there which it started to step up and spread. This signified the start of the international economy century extensive journey. The result is probably the world that 75% of its people reside in advanced nations with all that it comprises: escalating income growth with comparatively accelerating patterns of energy consumption and use. The next convergence is likely to bring debates how well to continue in the post crisis era and reset the equilibrium between national and global economic welfare and temporary fixes and continuing sustainability. Main Body With the Industrial revolution of the British, a fraction of the globe's population commenced to encounter peculiar economic growth that lead to gaps in living standards and wealth between the developed Europe and the rest of the globe. This trend of divergence was reverted after the World War II and presently we are halfway through 100 years of escalating and high development in the developing countries and a novel convergence with the developed nations are enormous but still comprehended. This book dates about further than 100 years that started in 1945 and will go into mid 21st century meaning that after two hundred years of high speed and accelerating divergence, a trend of convergence has engulfed the world. The author boldly and precisely outlines what is at stake globally as he portrays the future of the manner in which the global economy will rise over the subsequent fifty years. A number of our most renowned econopundits dwell in such basic, commotional public speaking, particularly in periods of market confusion and

An ESP Program for Business English in Speaking and Writing Essay - 1

An ESP Program for Business English in Speaking and Writing - Essay Example The requirements for business take a different precedence over other forms of speaking, specifically because the communication levels change the approach to a given job and the way in which many perceive a specific condition. Ensuring that the business English is spoken and written in a form which can easily communicate a message also provides different options for individuals to build into a future career with strong business communication skills. This paper will explore a curriculum which can be used for ESP for business speaking and writing. 1.1. Background Information   The English that is required within a given setting is one which is based on the work, environment and expectations within the given classroom. The field of work which one moves into and the ability to speak in everyday situations is one which is required to further one’s career and the perceptions which they have in society. Traditionally, individuals with lower English speaking skills have been unable t o move into and maintain a specific career field. The lack of communication and inability to perceive the ideologies that are associated with a given field creates gaps that relate to the environment. The gap that is in the work force has led to pedagogical strategies that are not only based on those who don’t speak English as a first language but also is built with those who are expected to move into the career field of business (Belcher, 2006). The need to have a pedagogical program for anyone that is moving into the business field is one which also links to the current understanding of how communication changes the environment in business. If the communication isn’t perceived at a specific level then it can lead to gaps that are within the organization. The first evaluation which business individuals will look at is the ability to communicate effectively as well as the understanding that the level of writing and speaking needs to be clear. The clarity is based on sp ecific business terms which are associated with the business majors and how they work in the specific field. This is combined with the views of those who have English as a second language and which note that without the proper use of English speaking and writing for business, there is the inability to further one’s career. This is based specifically on the organizational implications that are associated with the business environment (Bacha, 2008). 1.2. Preview of Key Points   The ability to create a specific relationship to the business and English speaking field is one which is dependent on creating an overall understanding of how individuals need to communicate within a specific environment. The key points which need to be looked into with the business writing and speaking include the following: - General terminology and associations that are a part of speaking English. - Ways communication is used in business - Expectations for business writing and communication - How co mmunication changes between organizational environments - Use of communication with co-workers, managers, etc. - How to write specific ideologies to others within a business for stronger influences and an understanding of the organizational environment 2.0 Critical Analysis of Curriculum Development 2.1. Needs Analysis The development of a curriculum for ESP in business writing and speaking is one which is not completely analyzed or understood. The development of this application began after the 1950s when English was diffused at an international

Customer relationship marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Customer relationship marketing - Essay Example Practitioners and strategists both believe that in the current scenario of stiff competition and rivalry the only practical way of reaching and convincing the customer is through CRM. Customer confidence in the companies can be regained by this method which is more personal and certainly more intimate than promotions. Products have become similar and homogenous and even the services provided are becoming standard practice as any new move is easily substituted or copied by competition and effectively it looses its edge. In saturated and matured markets the problem is even more acute and schemes and loyalty programmes are so similar that customers find no novelty in them. Indeed Palmer (1998) is of the opinion that promotions are no more than an encouragement to customers to switch their loyalties. The foundation of Strategic Behavior Theory is that firms take specific actions, like developing objectives, implementing goals, formulating strategies and using tactics, to augment their competitive position against rivals and thereby capitalize on firm performance (Kogut 1998). Strategic Behavior Theory is also consistent with the strategic choice perspective (Child, 1972) in that it accepts that while a firms choice of strategies and tactics are guided by the external environment, they are not completely determined by it. Strategic Behaviour theory also explains that a firm’s choice of behaviour is related more to its strategies and goals and not so much to transaction costs. As a consequence firms try to build competitive advantage against their rivals by developing those strategies that put them in favourable positions (Porter 1996). One such strategy is to build a more enduring relationship through Participatory Collaboration between stakeholders. Satisfaction is another human trait that will bring harmony in relations. Participatory collaborations will benefit in

Low Cost Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Low Cost Airlines - Essay Example The emergence of budget airlines is directly attributed to the transformation of the global business environment. The major drivers which facilitated this trend are: the deregulation of the European air travel sector; the establishment of the European Union; the 9/11 tragedy; the rapid technological advancement; and change in customers' lifestyle and preferences. It is irrefutable that the deregulation of the European airline industry primarily contributed to the rise of low cost carriers. It can be recalled that deregulation has lowered the barrier to entry in the industry as well as enhanced the competitiveness of the players which are previously receiving subsidy from the government. This, in turn, largely contributes to the cost efficiency of airline operators allowing them to charge lower prices to passengers. The establishment of the European Union affects the airline industry has the same effect like the deregulation of the sector. This has opened up markets and lowered operat ing costs, encouraging the proliferation of low cost carriers (Sorensen 2006). ... Lastly, technological advancement has significantly enhanced company's efficiency. It can be recalled that the internet technology has lowered the airline's costs in terms of booking and servicing customers by eliminating travel agent costs. This has paved way for huge costs savings which cut down the cost of airline operations (Sorensen 2006). It can be seen that all of the aforementioned factors which paved the way for the emergence and wide acceptance for low cost air travel have altogether pushed the prices of airline operation down allowing the fast entry of prospective players and allowing industry participants to price more competitively. It can be seen that the business model employed by a typical budget airline is primarily affected by these changes in the external environment of companies. A low cost carrier which competes in the European airline industry typically a business model which offers only a single passenger class and a single type of airplane which is usually an Airbus320 or Boeing737 which allows the company to cut on training and servicing costs. Budget airlines also typically employ a very simple fare scheme which rewards early reservation by increasing the fare charged as the plane fills up. There is usually no reserved seating in order to allow customers to choose their own seats thereby encouraging early and quick boarding. In order to drive down operation costs, technological innovation particularly the internet is used in order to eliminate the huge commission usually passed on to travel agencies. Budget airlines also prefer flying on secondary and simplified routes as well as having relatively shorter flights and faster turnaround times. Budget airlines, unlike

Dr. Vert's Ch. 6 Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dr. Vert's Ch. 6 Summary - Essay Example However, the trouble comes in because not all information is able to be put into a category easily, and because of that, it might fit into two or more categories. It also becomes confusing because one piece of information might relate to another in a very small way, but both should still be available, so that the person searching the information could see it and use it, if they wanted to. Most of the issues that come with managing information of this type are related to ‘spatial information’, or information that would be better characterized by the space it occupies rather than the information it actually holds. Examples of this are things such as street maps, climate maps, and scientific records of events such as earthquakes and tsunamis. The biggest issue that is faced in trying to retrieve and make sense of information about these events is that many pieces of information are scattered over many different computers, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle that has been dumped from its box and scattered throughout a room. It becomes more of a scavenger hunt to put the pieces of the puzzle together than to figure out the picture the puzzle tries to represent. Think about how much time is being wasted looking for the different pieces of the puzzle. Dr.

The Cold Fusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cold Fusion - Essay Example The assumption was that the environment of transitional metal deuterides makes fusions of two deuterons realistic, increasing their probabilities by a certain magnitude. The research drew a lot of criticism about its reality making several energy researchers and engineers around the world dive into the issue. The future of energy resources had been a bother among the industrial nations on how to tap energy for industries and households. If Fleischmann and Pons hypothesis was true, it could solve the energy issues. Cold fusion is hence a proposed type of nuclear reaction that is believed to occur at relatively low temperatures unlike hot fusion. However, its destiny is unclear (Kozima 11-16). Nuclear fusion occurs at super high temperatures, super high environment and requires big sets of apparatus which are extremely expensive. As a new type of nuclear reaction, cold fusion was proposed to explain reports by experiments of unusually high generation of energy under specific laboratory conditions. Researchers have continued to conduct investigations of cold fusion and have found out that the interaction of hydrogen or deuterium with Palladium, Nickel or Platinum produces excess heat effects under extreme conditions. The original reports failed to replicate consistently and reliably causing the rejection by mainstream media. Fleishmann and Pons discovery eventually became invalid as it had not actually detected the by products of nuclear reactions (Fleishmann, and Pons 301-308). Trombay initiated experiments in 1989 to verify the claims of cold fusion. Large busts of neutrons were detected with a Pd-Ni electrolyte cell. Significant amount of neutrons and tritium were found to be produced in gas loaded Ti and Pd samples. D2 loaded Ti disc targets have also revealed some hot spots indicating an uneven distribution of tritium production in the near surface region. Trombay experiments have confirmed the occurrence of cold fusion reaction in both Pd and Ti metallic lat tices loaded with deuterium at certain temperatures. Neutron emission has also been observed even when the electrolytic cell is switched off or when there are no externally induced processes like heating, cooling and evacuation are effected (Kozima 11-16). Findings The main product of cold fusion reactions is Tritium. However, its presence inside the palladium electrodes has not been quantitatively evaluated. Cold fusion can be characterised as being ‘aneutronic’ with a neutron to tritium channel branching ratio of less than 10-8. Neutrons from electronically loaded Pd and gas loaded Ti are emitted one at a time. It is hence unclear whether the neutrons are generated in the D-D fusion itself or produced in a secondary reaction involving energetic protons or tritons. Autoradiography of loaded gas loaded Ti targets demonstrates both the occurrence of cold fusion and tritium production. The estimated tritium to deuterium isotopic ratios is several orders of magnitude highe r in the initial stock D2O. There is a high concentration of tritium on localised regions or hot spots on the target surface as well as along the periphery of the disc. The high probability of tritium branch in cold D-D fusion reactions indicate processes of neutron transfer across the potential barrier (Report on the workshop on cold fusion, June 3). Some departments of energy like the U.S Department have reported on the inadequate conviction of experiments done by earlier scholars. Based on the review of published reports, reprints, journals and many communications, the results of the experiments of excess heat with the calorimetric cells do not present convincing evidence that useful source of energy would result from the results attributed from cold fusion. Similar

Wal-Mart and Union Membership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wal-Mart and Union Membership - Research Paper Example The only advantage of having a union is that Wal-Mart will have to consult only the union when implementing its human resource policies rather than to consult the individual workers separately. It will also ease the government’s regulations in the industry as the government would know that the trade union is there to represent the interest of workers. Another advantage of Trade Unions for Wal-Mart is that it will make sure that all the grievances and resentment of workers are heard before they become an issue and hence it will result in better employee-employer relationship which will lead to smooth functioning of the organization.Hence, we can see that although Wal-Mart enjoys certain advantages when working with unions, but these are greatly outnumbered by the disadvantages of working with unions. 2) Employee gains a lot of advantages if they have union membership. The greatest advantage that it renders to the workers is strength in numbers. The bigger a group of workers demanding certain right, the more pressure it can put on the management and hence there are more chances that the management would give in to their demands. This encourages more and more employees to join the union and enjoy the benefits of being strong and more vocal. Another advantage for union membership is the Trade Union fund which is given in the form of allowances to its members in case they need them. It is disbursed to members who are going through a period of illness, trauma or any other kind of problem that requires them to use these funds of part of these funds. Similarly, Union membership allows the employees to communicate more actively with the government and press them to legislate for acts that promote workers’ rights and also increase job security. However, there are certain disadvanta ges of a union member also. Employees have to pay certain amount annually to the union as a membership fee. This puts an additional burden on employees. Individual employees cannot press for their demand and they lose their voice at the expense of what the large majority wants. Hence, one can say that although the union membership is beneficial for workers, it can also bring disharmony and conflict of interest among workers which can lead to other organization-wide problems. (Daft, 1996) 3) There can economics, social and ethical consequences of Wal-Mart trying to stop allowing its workers to hold a union membership. Many pressure groups will turn against Wal-Mart. They will declare Wal-Mart as an organization that does not support workers’ rights. This will lead to loss of goodwill and bad reputation for the company. Many customers might turn away from buying from Wal-Mart which will lead to loss of revenue for the company. It will also discourage workers joining Wal-Mart as they would see it as an organization that does not respect their rights and they are being treated not so well. This will lead to a decrease in supply of workers who want to join Wal-Mart and it will have to pay the workers who want to join Wal-Mart higher wages (Bamford, 2003). This can again lead to less of profitability in the income

Social scientific approach Essay Example for Free

Social scientific approach Essay Topic: What according to Whitelam (1998), Dutcher-Walls (2009) and Steinberg (1995) is a social scientific approach to the OT? How does this approach help us understand Judges 9 better? Introduction: The aim of social scientific criticism, as a subfield of biblical exegesis, is to study the biblical materials as a reflection of their cultural setting. The meaning and/or the social background of the text are thus more fully illumined by the exercise of sociological and anthropological methods and theories. The era of modern social-scientific research began in the late 19th century with the work of Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, and Herbert Spencer. Their social theories created an atmosphere of curiosity about the human condition and advanced the evolutionary perspective that had taken hold with the writing of Charles Darwin. As sociology and anthropology emerged as separate sciences. Social scientific criticism is an interpretive method that uses heuristic models from the social sciences to understand the social context of ancient Israel and to interpret texts create within that context. From 1960’s there develops some of the Social groups, cultural relationships, patterns of behaviour, political structures which all of them are under the topic social criticism. As I have stated above that in 19th century many of the scholars were very much interested on the issue of social. In 1970 they were uses of the social criticism methods from variety of situations, and especial the one of sociology , which stress the life between social behavior of the people during the time of the old testament. Which has emerged is how scholars might have access to the ancient past and the multifaceted social world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean. The quest of the social world of the bible Those who were travelling from the east they reported about the culture that hey were seeing in different with the one of the western culture. Exactly after the important influence from the Palestine archeology of the nation , when they publish the thing. For the early scholar this things about the quest of the social world became an important thing for them to consider. For them to understand the west text, they reconstruct the history and the social , which is out of the bible. They tried to study in order to understand the social and political from the bronze age from Palestine , of the time of the roman empire. The bible and its social world In order to understand the different directions which now characterize the new quest, it is important to understand the convergence of a series of influential trends whose combined force has transformed biblical studies in the latter part of the twentieth century. It was the result of the convergence of new intellectual currents in psychoanalysis, linguistics and philosophy which helped undermine the authority and the stability of established disciplines and their previously thought assured results. The rise to prominence of newer literary studies within biblical studies was part of this general movement. The publication of Robert Alter;s The Art of Biblical Narrative and David Gunns The Fate of King Saul and The Story of King David had a profound effect on the way in which biblical narratives were read as artful constructions. Thus the books of Samuel, for instance, were increasingly understood as skilful and serious literature rather than primary sources for the monarchy of Saul and David. Many biblical books which had previously been considered to be historical, in the sense that they preserved a reasonably accurate picture of the history of ancient Israel or later communities, became the subject of detailed literary treatments. Furthermore, developments in historical studies in general, allied to increasing archaeological data from the region, raised serious questions about the world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean as it had been understood. The result was a general disillusionment with previous historical studies, which were seen to be too limited in scope or theologically motivated. The search for the social world of the Bible since the nineteenth century had been closely identified with the history of Israel through to the first century C E. The gradual and ever-increasing erosion of this history, its increasing divorce from the biblical texts was the catalyst for fresh attempts to explore and reconstruct the social world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean world. The appeal to the social sciences was an attempt to recover the many aspects of society which were not mentioned in the texts but which formed an essential element in the social world from which they emerged. The appeal to archaeology, sociology and anthropology, in particular, was seen as addressing some of the deficiencies in the biblical texts as sources for their own social world. This was paralleled by an increasing interest in the social production of the biblical literature, its ideological aspects, the factional disputes which lay behind it and the social and political world it represented or reflected. The trends and directions in current research which constitute the new search for the social world of the Bible are much too varied a phenomenon to be categorized by a single phrase such as the sociological approach. It is ironic that the new search for the social world of the Bible, initiated by Mendenhall and Gottwald, has resulted in a redefinition of the biblical period which has severely restricted its chronological limits. Earlier in the century, it was understood as stretching over two millennia from the early second millennium to the end of the first century CE. The impact of literary studies, which increasingly questioned the relationship of the complex of biblical narratives from Genesis to 2 Kings to history, has undermined confidence in the construction of vast periods of Israelite history. The result has been the loss of the Patriarchal and Conquest periods from many historical accounts and an increasingly fierce debate over the nature of the settlement and early monarchic periods. Ironically, therefore, the very search for the world of the Bible which informed many of these revisionist studies of the history of Israel has resulted in the removal of several centuries previously attributed to that world. The conviction that the Hebrew Bible was the product of the Persian and Hellenistic periods has underpinned this radical shift. R. P. Carroll states baldly what many biblical scholars have been coming to accept for a long time: The Hebrew Bible is the product of the second Temple period. This ought to be an uncontentious statement, but I imagine some unreconstructed biblical scholars may wish to contest it in favour of a First Temple period origin for the Bible with some appendices from the time of the second Temple. While I can see that there may be something to be said for the view that the Bible contains fragments of material from before the collapse of the temple in the sixth century, the claim that the Bible as we know it (i. . the fully redacted final form of the various books constituting it) comes from the Second Temple period seems to me ungainsayable. The implications of this conviction are highlighted by P. R. Davies when he writes of the desire to see the biblical period properly defined as the period in which the Bible was written or, more correctly, when the literature in its biblical form was compo sed, since by its very nature, the Bible, being a collection of scriptures, was not written, but ratified by consent or decree or both (and thus, of course, the term biblical authors is also misleading). The implication of this now widespread conviction, a return to the position of Wellhausen in many ways; is that if the Bible is the product of the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman periods, then the search for the social world of the Bible should be restricted to those periods. The key problem which has emerged, and which dominates all attempts to understand the social world of the Bible, is the complex relationship between texts and their social worlds. The legacy of literary studies has been to undermine confidence in the assumption that the world of the texts coincided with the views of the past they portrayed. However, dating the final form of these texts to the Persian and Hellenistic periods or first-century Roman Palestine does not solve the problem of their relationship to the socio-historical backgrounds or ideological influences which shaped them. The methodological problems have multiplied and sharpened on how to investigate periods where there is insufficient (literary) evidence, particularly for the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, and how to bridge the gap between text and social reality in the Persian to Roman periods. The biblical traditions can no longer be understood as simple reflections of earlier historical reality. Rather they offer a valuable insight into perceptions of that reality from particular points of view at the time of the writers. This is not to suggest that such texts may not preserve some authentic memories and information about the past but these are increasingly difficult to assess. The relationship between the text and society is considerably more complex than the common binary opposition between literature and society, text and context. For example, the social practices presented in a text may not correspond to any such practices in reality: they may be an attempt to subvert current social practices. How far a text subverts the dominant or some other perception of reality or represents a dominant view depends on its relationship to other pieces of literature, monuments, artefacts, etc. that can reveal important comparative information about social attitudes or perceptions of reality. Many New Testament scholars, in particular, have appealed to the social sciences in order to try to understand the implications of key concepts in New Testament literature in terms of its wider social setting. However, Carroll offers an important reminder of the inherent difficulties in such attempts to move from textual levels to social world. It is ironic that as the focal point of the social world of the Bible has shifted from the Iron Age to Persian, it has become evident that very little is known about the social and historical background of the Second Temple period. It is for this reason that scholars appeal to social-scientific studies and data in order to try to make sense of the fragmentary and partial textual and art factual data available. Carroll concludes that the gap between texts and the real world remains as unbridgeable as ever. 16 However, the biblical texts offer access to the privileged conception of reality of a literate stratum of society revealing little or nothing of the sub-literate culture, to use Eric Hobsbawms phrase, or the deep-seated movements of history. As such, the value of these texts as a source for the historian is not so much in terms of the past they purport to describe but as such an insight. They are important, therefore, as much for what they choose to leave out as for what they include. The multi-layered nature of the texts, their adaptability and vitality means that the historian needs to ask how they shaped and were shaped by their different contexts, what audiences they address, and what other possible constructions of the past they deny and thereby silence. The appeal to social scientific models and data drawn from social and cultural anthropology, sociology, economics, politics, archaeology or cultural studies has been instrumental in helping to uncover the social world of ancient Palestine and the Mediterranean. Society and history There are more inclusive history of Palestine, but though it cannot rely on the perspective of the elite. They were people of late bronze age and its transition was very much slow and poor. They were mixing up of the local , Palestine and Egyptian history and the society, were the interpretation of the text and the languages used sometimes were not that easy as they were staying together. The quest for the social world of the Bible has been one of the major goals of biblical scholarship since the early nineteenth century. Travellers reports from the Middle East of a culture radically different from that of the West; along with the increasing excitement of reports in the national press of archaeological discoveries in Palestine; captivated audiences across Europe and the USA. Such developments offered the prospect of revealing the world from which the Bible had emerged in the ancient past. Monumental works such as George Adam Smiths historical geography of Palestine brought alive an ancient landscape on which the biblical events were played out. At the same time; biblical scholars were trying to reconstruct the history and social contexts out of which the Bible arose in order to understand a foundational text for Western culture. The critical methods which emerged were designed to date and locate the biblical texts, or their constituent parts; in specific historical contexts in order to reveal their meaning.

Social Networking Essay Example for Free

Social Networking Essay The twenty first century is known to be the world of the ‘Internet’; it is the most efficient way to get connected to our friends, relatives and colleagues. Sites such as Facebook have become very common among our youth today and have influenced our modern lives in many aspects. Being enrolled at a school with over 1000 students you begin to notice the reliance that a majority of the students have on Social Networking. As a student myself I have always had an interest in the way people act and the effect that these sites have on both the social and psychological side of us; this led me to the question ‘How often does cyberbulying occur?’ Technology allows all of us immediate access to information, which can greatly benefit our lives1. However, it has also provided some people with the means to exploit the innocent, commit crimes, and inflict injury on others. This technology has allowed some teens to take bullying that thrives in school hallways into cyberspace1. Bullying refers to any kind of aggressive behaviour, which is normally intentional and entails an imbalance of strength or power1. Cyberbulying is also referred to as a social online cruelty which can be described as an intentional aggressive act which is carried out by an individual or a group of individuals against a victim, done repeatedly over a long period of time and sent through electronic contacts1. Research indicates that there are a variety of reasons as to why people bully2, * Cultural causes fascinated with winning, power and violence.2 * Institutional causes the place in which bullying takes place, whether the home, school or workplace is not of high standards for the way people treat each other bullying is more likely to occur.2 * Social issues the fact that one gets more social recognition for negative behaviours than positive one can also contribute to reasons as to why people bully.2 * Family issues families that are not warm and loving and in which feelings are not shared are more likely to have children who bully, either with in the family home or in other locations in which children meet others.2 In relation to why people bully, a survey was conducted from December 2006 till January 2007 by the members of Kids Help Phone which had over 2500 respondents3. This stated that more than 70% of respondents to the survey reported that they have been a victim of cyberbulying, while 44% said they have been the bully themselves. At least 38% reported having experienced cyberbulying within the last three months3. This was a major key finding as it is clearly evident that there are a large number of cyberbulying incidents that occur, considering that there were only 2500 respondents and 70% reported being a victim is a huge thing, not to mention that most cyberbulying incidents are not reported and go un-noticed. Having investigated this further studies show that almost most cyberbulying cases go unreported because a large number of youth and their parents think that cyberbulying is not a big deal4. However, it has been proven that a victim of this type of bullying can lead to serious disorders for the future, including suicide4. This indicates that when one becomes a victim of cyberbulying, they are a victim for life. Though the bullying itself may go away, the fear, the hurt and the memories scar the victim forever. In a survey that was conducted at Mount Gambier High School similar results were found5; 54.5% of students said that they had been a victim of cyberbulying, while 23% said they have bullied someone online. 81.8% say that whilst on these sites they have witnessed cruel behaviour, 33.3% say that they ignore this behaviour when and if it occurs5. This was an important finding as it is apparent that when and if cyberbulying occurs, teenagers who are a witness tend not to do anything about it. This relates to my previous findings because if people did something about the cruel behaviour they witness online, than the victim of bullying statistic (70%)3 wouldn’t be as high as it is. It just goes to show that teenagers have a power that they don’t quite realise nor understand. Cyberbulying is a major concern of young people. In 2010, it was ranked the third highest issue of concern for 11 to 14 year olds6. Over a quarter of this age group indicates it was a major concern, compared with 20% of 15 to 19 year olds and 16% of 20 to 24 year olds6. In an interview with a parent of two teenagers7 (Anonymous), it was evident that technology creates certain challenges for adults who are trying to keep up with the relationship problems among adolescents. It is clear that to an adolescent the primary influence are his/her peers and what they think; while physical assaults or bullying is bad, verbal or the relational aggression can be equally as bad for certain kids. Many adults don’t trust teens these days because they assume that they are engaging in bad behaviours. They believe that it is the teenager’s responsibility to demonstrate to the adults in their lives that they are using technology safely, responsibly, appropriately and for them to sort of take some ownership over that. It’s very important to have a discussion between parents and teens so the adults know that the vast majority of teens are doing the right thing online. On average 11% of teens talk to their parents about incidents of cyberbulying.8 Another interview took place9 with a student at Mount Gambier High school who clearly stated that she believes Social Networking sites such as Facebook are encouraging teenagers to bully, it is giving them more of an opportunity, as on the internet you can practically be whoever you want to be and there is less risk of getting caught. It is common for teenagers to use Social Networking sites such as Facebook to their advantage, having that availability to all those sites give teenagers more freedom with very little boundaries; therefore making it an unsafe place to be. The student said that whilst on these sites you don’t think about the risk factors, it’s more of a spur of the moment thing. She also stated that a majority of the time it’s more for entertainment or a joke without actually realising what effect it could have on a person.9 With this information at hand it is clearly evident that Social Networking sites are definitely encouraging teenagers to bully. Social networking sites encourage people to be more public about their personal lives, intimate details of our lives can be posted so easily and users are prone to bypass the filters they might normally employ when talking about their private lives. Whats more, the things they post remain available indefinitely. Facebook in particular, by far the most popular social networking medium is encouraging the ‘anonymous’ by making it easy and accessible to under 18’s. A Senior Research Associate from the School of Psychology at the University of Adelaide conducted a survey at Mount Gambier High School in 2012 as part of the South Australian Media Use Survey (SAMUS)10. The study employed the best available psychological measures of mental health-related issues; the survey helped the understanding on how youth use media and it’s interaction with mental health. A total of 523 students took part in the study and within that study it showed that 35% of males use the internet to escape from problems compared to 31% of females; male and females do not differ greatly in terms of their preoccupation and difficulty in regulating the use of the internet.10 The vast majority of students at Mount Gambier High School report having at least one close friend with symptoms of a mental health issue in which was connected to Social Networking.10 The known prevalence of depression among adolescents (12-18 years) is about one in five (20%)10. Taking this figure into account, the symptoms profiles across gender were close to the expected norm, although females tended to report more depressive symptoms than boys.10 In conclusion, with the expansion of the internet and social networking technologies cyber-bullying is becoming more common and more severe. The research presented clearly shows that cyberbulying is on an uprise with a majority of teenagers reporting that they have been a victim of cyberbully while the other small portion admitting that they see it happen yet don’t do anything about it. Within my study it was shown that the average school student has at least one friend with symptoms of a mental health issue which is connected to social networking. This research paper is to inform society about what has been going on lately. Cyberbulying is technology powered and will only get worse as technology becomes more widespread; hopefully this paper will help to inform today’s youth and parents. If you see any kind of bullying happening in front of you, stop it if possible, and then report it.

The Contribution Of Human Resource Planning Commerce Essay

The Contribution Of Human Resource Planning Commerce Essay Human resource planning determines the human resources required by the organization to achieve its strategic goals. According to the Bulla and Scott (1994) it is the process for ensuring that the human resource requirements of an organization are identified and plans are made for satisfying those requirements. In human resource planning people are the most important strategic resource for an organization. Whereas HRP generally concerned with matching resources to business needs in the longer term, although sometime address shorter-term requirements as well. HRP also looks at broader issues relating to the ways in which the people are employed and developed in order to improve organizational effectiveness. So HRP plays an important role in strategic human resource management. The contribution of human resource planning The evolution of HR planning has been led by many developments which are following below: . Computerised HR information systems. . Closer links between the business environment and the activities of HR managers. . Skill shortages, necessitating the need for skill databases. But on the other hand organisations are increasingly focusing on HR planning for the following reasons: . Supply of skills to address strategic and demographic change. . Need to focus more on demand and supply for an external and internal perspective of an organisation. . Value of using scenario planning to model the fit with future business environment. HR planning plays an important role in business planning. The strategic planning process defines projected changes in the types of activities carried out by the organization and the scales of those activities. It determines the main goals of the organisation and also its skill and behaviour requirements. All these plans HR planning interpret in terms of people requirements. It also focus on solving the problems that the people required will be available at the rite to make some necessary contribution. As Quinn Mills (1983) says, HR planning is a decision-making process that combines three important activities: Identifying and acquiring the right number of people with the proper skills. Motivating them to achieve high performance. Creating interactive links between business objectives and people planning activities. The changing nature of the internal and external labour market requires the need to develop a strategic response. HR planning is increasingly necessary process to ensure the organisation is keeping these issues central to these thinking and that the outcomes from the planning process feed into all HR decisions. Acting non-strategically or in a non-planning way will stifle creativity in thinking behind HR policies. Let us consider demographic changes, for example. In response to the short fall of younger people in the workforce, and an increasing rate of early retirements, organisations can face the following responses: . Do nothing. Allow entry standards to reduce; Outsourcing activities can address the absence of internal skills. . Compete. Intensify recruitment and pay higher salaries, which might tend to increase costs, and short-term poaching of staff. . Substitute. Review new labour market sources. . Act. Improve the research mix, organisational image and working environment, restore employee turnover. Model of human resource planning There are three stages of human resource planning: Reconciling future resourcing needs with future HR plans. Considering and applying HR policy so as to have an impact upon the flows of human resources in an integrated way. This includes this pattern of engagement of staff and their movement through the organisation and the stages of exit. 3. Assessing the effectiveness of HR policies in accessing, creating and using human resource capability. The following chart shows how the organisations can view the flow of people and skill into, through and out of the organisation. It can also be the basis on which decision about reshaping the flows of skills and people can be made. Approaches to human resource planning Resourcing strategies shows the way forward through the analysis of business strategies and demographic trends. They are converted into the action plans based on the outcome of the following interrelated planning activities: . Demand forecasting- this is the key area of forecasting in the short, medium and long term. The organisation must determine the demand profile of skills, including their life cycle and decline, and the competence mix. . Supply forecasting-estimate the supply of people by reference to analyses of current resources and future availability, after allowing for wastage. The organisation must determine the supply of skills both internally and externally. . Investigation and analysis: The organisations must keep the knowledge about, (1) The external environment and labour market, looking at for example, national training plans and the location of markets. (2) The internal environment and labour market: the age and gender balance of the workforce, the number of employees, wastage rates and so on. (3) The organisations systems, resources, culture, practices and industrial relations. (4) Commercial performance requirements such as sales targets, product mix, market segments and profits. . Decision-making The organisation must then make plans to balance supply and demand of skills. The influences will include skill levels, development and the cost effectiveness of accessing a wider skill base. The areas in which decisions will be taken include: recruitment retirement and redundancy selection and assessment outsourcing promotion and reward development and retraining organisational development and culture the type of employment contracts performance management employee relations For example if we use the example of financial services sector, including banks, building societies and credit/loan agencies, using the above model we suggest that over the last 10-15 years the following picture might emerge: . External environment: reduced demand, changing skills, increased competition. . Internal environment: redundancies, new career skills, new culture. . Organisation system: a need for performance and productivity improvement, incentives, flexibility. . Commercial performance requirements: sales of more products, new markets reducing margins. These days in many sectors of the new economy, including finance, banking and it skills have moved from being administrative and routine skills to more complex competences based around diagnostic and interpersonal skills and knowledge. This has an important consequence for selection, labour market and developmental strategies. Key issues faced by such sectors are the need to focus on retention of key staff together with the allowance and possible encouragement of turnover on certain categories of employment. The training implications are about internal skills upgrading. From a recruitment point of view targeting external staff with the right knowledge and skills becomes critical. There are also employee relations implications such as the need to communicate the expectation of staff and demonstrate support for the changes. Professionalism in HR planning The first part of professionalism is understanding the customer, the customer requirements and providing customer satisfaction. HR is increasingly viewed as a service; a service both to employees and to the business. As such customer requirements need to be well understood. Delivering the right services to the customer at the right time, to the right quality and to the right cost must be the goal of HR. In this global business environment, the customer demand on HR is changing rapidly. From the business point of view, HR needs to understand the changing resourcing requirement of the business, flexibility in headcount in response to business cycle, the core competencies the organisation is trying to create and the culture it is trying to establish. HR has to understand the needs of a mobile workforce supporting a global organisation, the knowledge- based workforce the organisation is trying to nurture, the frequent re-structuring due to increased mergers and acquisitions activity, integration of new staff and so on. From the employee point of view, HR need to be clearly understand the increasing needs for workplace flexibility, distance and e-working, improved work-life balance, accessibility of HR operations. Some of the evolving requirements identified above can be enabled by technology. For example, technology underpins mobile/home working and facilitates the accessibility of HR operations at any time and from anywhere. It must be emphasised that technology alone cannot drive results, deliver customer satisfaction or deliver professionalism. Professionalism requires that HR practice be fair, open and transparent. Today, there is a legal obligation for organisations to ensure equality in the areas of race, disability, age, sexuality, gender, religion and belief. HR practices must ensure that equal opportunity regulations are adhered to by all the levels of organisations. Policies and practices should cover recruitment, promotions, remuneration, working conditions, customer relations and the practices of contractors, suppliers and partners, procedure must be in place to ensure that managers do not stifle or limit the promotion prospects of particular groupings or minorities, or discriminate in the selection of new recruits. Professionalism in this area requires the adoption of formalism in capturing customer requirements and selection criteria, and checking adherence against the agreed criteria. This applies to all aspects of HR practices including recruitment, selection, promotion and separation. Professionalism is also e nhanced by engendering, within the organisation as a whole, a culture of equality and respect. One way is to promote this is to ensure workforce diversity training is provided to all levels of staff. Limitations of human resource planning However, it must be recognised that although the notion of human resource planning is well established in HRM vocabulary it does not seemed to be embedded as a key HR activity. As Rothwell (1995) suggests, apart from isolated examples, there has been little research evidence of increased use or of its success. She explains the gap between theory and practice as arising from: . The impact of change and the difficulty of predicting the future-the need for planning my be in inverse proportion of its feasibility; . The shifting kaleidoscope of policy priorities and strategies within organisations; . The distrust displayed by many managers of theory or planning- they often prefer pragmatic adaptation to conceptualization; . The lack of evidence that human resource planning works. Conclusion The whole theory shows the importance of having HR planning system and process in place to support HR strategy. Human resource planning is seen as having increasing importance in addressing both quantitative and qualitative approaches to planning, with the strategic importance of identifying core competencies and sponsoring new techniques. The above theory examined the broader context and information now used for planning and the links to human resource policy decisions.

Hamlet: In His Right Minds Eye :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: In His Right Mind's Eye         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Crazy, or not crazy- That is the question.   The matter of Hamlet's so called madness, has been an item of debate since the first performance, and will probably be a continuing argument well into the future.   I believe Hamlet was not crazy, because he proves to be in complete control of his psyche   in several parts of the play.   These three reasons are the main points of argument for Hamlet's sanity.   His behaviors is only erratic in front of certain people, he shows logic and reasoning in his plotting,   and finally, actually admits to several people to be only â€Å"acting† mad.   These are hardly the actions of a madman.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First of all,   the fact that Hamlet's irrational behavior emerges only in front of certain individuals shows he was only acting.   He acts insane in front of Polonius, Claudius,   Gertrude and Ophelia, while remaining perfectly normal in front of Horatio, Marcellus, the players and the gravedigger.   Hamlet convinces Ophelia of his madness by going   into her room   â€Å"with a look so piteous in purport as if he had been loosed out of hell to speak of horrors,† (2.1.92)and grabbed her and examined her face.   Then he let out †a sigh so piteous and profound as it did seem to shatter all his bulk and end his being.† (2.1.106) After that incident, Polonius believes, that Hamlet's madness â€Å"is the very ecstasy of love.†(2.1.115)   Claudius is convinced, however, that that is not the case.  Ã‚   He believes that something else is troubling Hamlet. â€Å"Love?   His affections do not that way tend;   Nor what he spake, though it lacked form a little, was not like madness.   there's something in his soul o'er   which his melancholy sits on brood† (3.1.176)   After Hamlet kills Polonius, Gertrude becomes completely convinced that Hamlet is â€Å"Mad as the sea and the wind when both contend which is mightier.†(4.1.7) With these characters convinced of his madness, Hamlet is able to carry out several plans to avenge his father's death.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The logic he uses in his plots is proof of a sane mind.   He successfully uses the players to reveal Claudius is the murderer by changing the play   they perform to reenact the murder of Hamlet's father. â€Å"Let the galled jade wince; our withers are unwrung.† . When the murder scene is enacted, Claudius calls for lights and storms out of the room.   Claudius, knowing Hamlet is a threat, has him sent to England along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.   the two bear a letter that was to have Hamlet executed upon arrival in England.

cold sassy tree :: essays research papers

Rising Action: 1. Grandpa finds a wife who will live with him for his final days. Mary Lou seems to not like Mrs. Love Simpson living with her father but keeps quite about her disliking. 2. After the wedding, Mrs. Love Simpson has an unexpected visitor carrying an expensive saddle covered in gold and silver pieces. He finds Mrs. Love Simpson and with out saying a word, proceeds to kiss her in a passionate way. A grandpa walk in the door to find them standing in the room with lips interlocked, but doesn’t seem to get mad. He introduces himself like he would any other person. Later they find out he was one of Mrs. Love Simpson’s old boyfriends. 3. When the newly weds come home from a short trip from Atlanta, they are seen riding in a brand new Cadillac. They are now the proud new owners of the first car in Cold Sassy. Then soon decide to turn part of the store into a car dealership to sell more cars to the wealthy people of the town. 4. William is now closer to Grandpa then ever before, but he can’t help but seem like Grandpa is doing something wrong by marrying Mrs. Love Simpson. Along with the rest of the family and town. Climax: 5. It seems that the family has more problems then the rest of the town can ever imagine. Thorton is soon found dead in his own kitchen. William finds a suicide letter to Mary Lou in the bedroom next to the bed. He reads the letter and sees that Thorton did indeed commit suicide, but for reasons that he guesses he cant even find the words for it it’s so awful. The family is devastated but goes on with life. Falling Action: 6. Mrs. Love Simpson can’t help but feel to blame for this unfortunate turn of events and asks Grandpa for a divorce so she can leave and get away from the watchful eye of the town.

Mary Leakey :: essays research papers

Though technically defined as an archaeologist, Mary chose to follow a route of interesting research relating to physical anthropology. She is known mostly for the excavation of a two million-year-old fossilized human skull in 1959. She has also worked to help the world understand that the evolution of humans follows a principle rather than a theory. The name Leakey is synonymous in most people's minds with the successive dramatic discoveries of fossilized hominid bones and stone artifacts that have, over the years, pushed the origins of true man further and further back in prehistory. Less flamboyant than her husband, Louis S. B. Leakey, or her son Richard Leakey, Mary Leakey was the "unsung hero,† of the clan for years, even though she was, in fact, responsible for many of the spectacular Leakey finds, including the nearly complete skull of Zinjanthropus, which was at first thought to be the missing human evolutionary link. Mrs. Leakey finally received a measure of long-overdue public recognition with her discovery, in 1978, of 3.5-million-year-old fossilized hominid footprints at Laetoli in Tanzania, proving beyond a doubt that the australopithecines had walked upright. On July 17, 1959 Mary Leakey made her second major discovery. Accompanied only by her two Dalmatians, Mary Leakey set off to investigate the oldest layer at the site. As she surveyed the exposure with her practiced eye, a scrap of bone protruding from the ground caught her attention. Gently brushing aside some of the deposit, she saw two large hominid teeth in place in an upper jaw. Mrs. Leakey raced back to camp shouting, "I've got him! I've got him!" Using camel's-hair brushes and dental picks, the Leakeys gingerly uncovered a full palate and set of teeth; by sifting through tons of eroded scree, they eventually found about 400 bone fragments, which when pieced together formed an almost complete hominid skull, later dated at 1.75 million years, of the genus Zinjanthropus. Over the next few months, Mary Leakey found other hominid bones and 164 stone tools of twelve different types, including choppers, scrapers, anvils, and hammerstones. As luck would have it, a camera crew for the British television series On Safari arrived on the scene the day after Mary Leakey's momentous find, and thus it was that "Zinj" came to international public attention. For the Leakeys, it meant worldwide recognition. Fame brought controversy, too, and it was not long before Louis Leakey's bold assertion that "Zinj" was the so-called "missing link" between the primitive ape-men and Homo sapiens was proved to be incorrect.

Character Analysis for Maus by Art Speigleman

Character List- round or flat Art Spiegelman- r * Art Spiegelman is the author and narrator of Maus, and also one of the story's main characters. * Born in Stockholm after the Holocaust, he is the only surviving child of Vladek and Anja Spiegelman. * He is married to Francoise, a French woman who converted to Judaism upon their engagement. * Maus centers around two primary narratives: Vladek's experiences as a Jew in World War II Poland, and Art's relationship with his aging father. * When the story opens, Art lives in New York and does not see his father very often, though he lives only a short distance away in Queens. But as Art begins to draw this story about Vladek's Holocaust experiences, he begins to visit his father more and more frequently. * Their relationship is strained, as Vladek's gruff demeanor and unwillingness to spend money routinely infuriate his son. * Art is filled with complex feelings towards his father ranging from admiration for his survival in Auschwitz, to f rustration towards his aggravating tendencies, and guilt for his own neglect of a father who has lived through so many difficult times. * Art also has complex emotions towards the Holocaust.Though he did not live through it personally, he feels that he is constantly affected by it. * His father's personality was largely formed from his experiences in Auschwitz, and this personality in turn directly affected the way in which Art was raised. Vladek Spiegelman- r * Vladek is Art Spiegelman's father. * He grew up in pre-war Poland, and much of Maus traces his experiences in the Holocaust, as told in his own words to his son. * As the story opens in 1978, he is married to his second wife, Mala. The couple does not get along * Vladek's personality is largely dominated by his Holocaust experiences. During the Holocaust, he exhibited a spectacular resourcefulness, work ethic, and presence of mind that often enabled him to secure food, shelter, and safety for himself and his family. * He was a shrewd businessman, and in the most troubling times he saved everything of use. In 1978, he still saves everything and tries to exchange those things that he no longer needs. * Once so resourceful and competent, he is still constantly working on small projects, some of which he is incapable of completing. Anja Spiegelman- r * Anja is Art's mother and Vladek's first wife.The couple meets in Poland while Vladek is in a long-term relationship with another woman, Lucia Greenberg. * Always an anxious woman, she suffers an acute depression shortly after the birth of her son and spends three months recovering in a sanitarium. * She survives the Holocaust with her husband, and they immigrate to the United States a few years after the war. * Anja commits suicide in 1968, leaving both Art and Vladek in emotional turmoil. * Art's last memory of his mother is recorded in a comic called â€Å"Prisoner on the Hell Planet,† in which she enters Art's room and asks him if he still loves he r.His response, a terse and dismissive â€Å"sure,† haunts him for years. Lolek- f * Vladek's nephew and Uncle Herman's son. * Lolek lives with Anja's family for much of the initial German occupation, first at Anja's father's house and then in the Srodula ghetto. * When the situation deteriorates and Vladek makes preparations to hide in a shelter until the Nazis have evacuated the town, * Lolek tells his uncle that he is tired of hiding, and he is soon transported to Auschwitz. He survives the camps and eventually becomes a college professor. Richieu Spiegelman- f Richieu is Vladek and Anja's first child, born in Poland in 1937. * In 1943, Vladek and Anja send him to live under the protection of Uncle Persis, where they think he will be safer. * Richieu travels with Anja's sister, Tosha; * But soon after, Zawiercie is liquidated by the Nazis. Rather than be taken to the gas chamber, Tosha poisons herself and the children under her care, including Richieu. * After his death, V ladek and Anja keep a photograph of their first child hanging on the wall of their bedroom. Mala Spiegelman- f * Mala is Vladek's second wife, and a friend of his family from before the war. The couple does not get along. * Mala is consumed with frustration towards Vladek's inability to part with money, while Vladek views his wife with considerable distrust and accuses her of trying to steal his money. Francoise- f * Art's wife. * She is French and converted to Judaism in preparation for their marriage to please Vladek. * She is intelligent, kind, and opinionated, and their relationship is strong. * She plays a relatively minor role in the story, serving mostly as a means for Art to discuss his relationship with his father and the Holocaust. Mr. Zylberberg- f Anja's father. * Before the war, he is a wealthy manufacturer who owns a factory. * When Vladek and Anja are married, he provides Vladek with a factory of his own. * He survives with his family in German-occupied Poland, until the family is captured and sent to await transport to Auschwitz. * By bribing his cousin, Haskel, Vladek is able to arrange for the release of himself and Anja. Orbach- f * A friend of Vladek's family in Poland. * When Vladek is a prisoner of war, Orbach claims him as a cousin, so that Vladek is released into his custody and eventually returns home to Sosnowiec.Vladek's father- f * Vladek's father is a tough and deeply religious man. * His wife dies of cancer before the worst of the Holocaust. * Before the war, Vladek's father intentionally starves his son so that he will be declared unfit for the army. * Later, the Nazi grip tightens, and all Jews are made to register in a nearby stadium. Those who are fit to work are sent to one side, while the elderly and women with many children are sent to their deaths at the concentration camps. By registering at a table manned by his cousin, Mordecai, Vladek's father is spared. Before he leaves the tadium, however, he sees his daughter, Fela (Vladek's sister) and her four small children standing with those destined for Auschwitz. He crosses over to be with her, and all die in the camps. Uncle Herman- f * Anja's brother. * Along with his wife, Hela, he is visiting the New York World's Fair when the war begins, and they remain in the United States to escape the horrors abroad. Tosha- f * Tosha is Anja's older sister. * At the beginning of the German occupation of Poland, she lives with Anja's family in her father's house, along with her husband, Wolfe, and their small daughter, Bibbi. As the situation deteriorates Uncle Persis offers to keep her safely in nearby Zawiercie ghetto, where he is a prominent member of the Jewish Council. * She agrees, and leaves with Wolfe, Bibbi, and Vladek's son Richieu. Soon, though, the Germans slaughter the Jewish Council and begin to evacuate the Jews of Zawiercie to the camps. Rather than be sent to the gas chambers, Tosha poisons herself, her daughter, Herman's daughter Lonia, and Vlad ek's son Richieu. Mr. Ilzecki- f * A former customer of Vladek's from before the war. The two meet again after the German occupation and begin conducting business on the Sosnowiec black market * Mr. Ilzecki has a son about the same age as Vladek's, and he offers to send Richieu along with his own son to a Polish friend to hide until things get better. Nahum Cohn- f * A friend and business partner of Vladek's during his black market days in Sosnowiec. * Nahum is arrested along with his son for selling goods without coupons. * The Nazis decide to make an example of them and they are hanged in a well-know black market center and left there for a full week. Anja's Grandparents- f During the initial period of the German occupation, they live in Anja's father's house with the rest of the family. * Later, they are told to relocate to a â€Å"community better prepared to take care of the elderly. † * The family hides them for over a month, until the authorities arrest Anja's father a nd threaten to arrest more of his family if the grandparents are not given over to the Germans. * Anja's grandparents are taken away to Auschwitz, where they are killed. Haskel Spiegelman- f * Haskel is Vladek's cousin, and chief of the Jewish Police in the Srodula ghetto. He is the brother of Miloch and Pesach. He is what Vladek calls a kombinacya, or â€Å"schemer. † * While he is a rather unsavory character, he is a good person to know in the ghetto. * When Vladek's family is discovered in the â€Å"chandelier† bunker and sent to a compound to wait for transport to Auschwitz, Haskel arranges for Vladek, Anja, and Lolek to be released in exchange for valuables. Miloch Spiegelman- f * Miloch is Vladek's cousin, and brother to Haskel and Pesach. * He is Vladek's supervisor at the shoe repair shop in the Srodula ghetto, and an honorable man compared to the scheming Haskel. When the Germans make plans to eliminate all Jews in the ghetto, he prepares a hidden shelter behi nd a pile of shoes at the shop, where Vladek, Anja, and 15 other people hide for days. Pesach Spiegelman- f * Pesach is Vladek's cousin, and brother to Miloch and Haskel. * Like Haskel, he is a schemer and a rather unsavory character. * His most significant involvement centers on a scheme to sell cake to the inhabitants of the ghetto. * He makes a fortune, but everyone who eats it becomes sick – the cake was accidentally made with laundry soap in addition to flour. Mr. Lukowski- f The janitor at Anja's father's house. * When Vladek and Anja escape from the Srodula ghetto, they knock on his door and he allows them to stay in a shed behind his house. Mrs. Kawka- f * Mrs. Kawka is the owner of a small farm on the outskirts of Sosnowiec, and for a price she allows Vladek and Anja to hide in her barn. * Mrs. Kawka is the person who tells Vladek about the smugglers who can take him to Hungary. Mrs. Motonowa- f * Vladek befriends Mrs. Motonowa at the Sosnowiec black market after the liquidation of Srodula, and she offers to hide him and Anja at her farm, with her seven-year-old son. She is a kind woman, and the house is comfortable, except for a ten-day period in which Mrs. Motonowa's husband returns home from Germany on vacation, and they are forced to stay in the basement. * After Vladek and Anja attempt to escape to Hungary, she shelters Miloch and his family for the remainder of the war. Mandelbaum- f * Before the war, Mandelbaum owned a pastry store in Sosnowiec where Vladek and Anja often shopped. Abraham- f * Abraham is Mandelbaum's cousin. * He agrees to accompany the smugglers, and promises to write Mandelbaum and Vladek if he arrives safely in Hungary. He is betrayed, however, and forced at gunpoint to write the letter anyway. The Karps- f * The Karps are Vladek's neighbors at his Catskills bungalow. * When Art visits his father there, they take him aside and tell him that Vladek cannot possibly take care of himself. Vladek's Kapo- f * A â€Å"kapoà ¢â‚¬  is a Polish supervisor at a concentration camp. * Soon after Vladek arrives at Auschwitz, Vladek's kapo asks the Jews in the barracks if anyone there can speak English. Pavel- f * Pavel is Art's psychiatrist. * Like Art's father, Pavel is a survivor of the Holocaust. Art sees him once a week, and the sessions always seem to make him feel better. Mancie- f * Mancie is a female Hungarian Jew at Birkenau with Anja, * has higher status as a result of an affair with S. S. guard. * She acts as a go-between for Vladek and his wife, carrying notes and food. The Frenchman- f * After Vladek is transferred from Auschwitz to Dachau, he befriends a Frenchman with whom he converses in English. * Because he is not Jewish, the Frenchman is able to receive packages of food through the Red Cross, which he shares with Vladek, probably saving his life. http://www. gradesaver. com/maus/study-guide/character-list/

Retail Manager

2012 Triangle social music Recruitment Recuritment of sell negotiater T commensurate of contents confine Page no. vocation compend 2, 3, 4 reflect description 5 Personnel stipulation 6 Method of enlisting 6, 7 Advertising campaign 8, 9 action at law plan with timelines 10 EEO principles 11 References 12 prank analysis Job analysis focuses on what furrow holders ar expected to do. It stands the root for a excogitate description, which in turn influences decisions taken on enlisting, fostering, deed appraisal and riposte systems. http//tutor2u. net/business/ plenty/enlisting_ business enterpriseanalysis. asp viper Three unalike method actings apply for ingathering data atomic number 18 1) Interview (Mr incrust retail manager , Myers) 0430301757 1) Tell me mostthing around your job? My job includes what I require and it includes managing both the duties associate to with retailing of products and march on checking on module so that they capture to follow code of conduct. 2) What atomic number 18 the main(prenominal) responsibilities during molding hours? Main responsibilities during work hours atomic number 18 to keep customers happy and solving their complaints at any costs other than this duties desire Managing supply, Doing rosters, Boosting up moral aim of employees, use sales and purchases for the store are some of my study duties. 3) What are the main problems during work? Problems like solving customer queries and marinating computer storage for each soil are the problems during workings(a) hours because if size is non available former(prenominal) in fresh stock(a) and customers then(prenominal) got upset and we may excite endangerment of loosing customer. 4) How do you manage staff for dissimilar duties? Managing staff is not a double deal as most of them chouse their duties and sometime problem arises when salesperson for particular proposition brand is on leave and we have to put othe r salesperson every(prenominal)(a) over that corner which may not be familiar with solely the products of that brand. 5) How do you manage day to day stock and related items to stock? Before closing all the staff mark the requisite products for various brands and before opening on the neighboring day all the products are delivered on their corners which are unavoidable for particular brand so by this all the products are available to customers at all times. 2) Observations During the bill of work of retail manager in Myers, I noticed following tasks which he is performing on the field 1) motivating staff divisions on the work and savor to improve their work. 2) Promoting the store products by different ways of promotion 3) Handling customer complaints ) Dealing with day to day stock 5) Ensures the procedures are organism followed by all the staff members. 3) Questioner 1) What are your (retail passenger vehicle) main duties? * Managing staff * Doing rosters * Boosting up moral train of employees * Handling sales and purchases for the store 2) How did you make out angry customer or unsatiated customer? * By listening to the customers complaints sedately and making most of the decisions in the customers party favor so that there must be proper customer satisfaction and customer testament be happy from every point. 3) How do you handle with underperforming employee? Handling with underperforming employee is not a big deal, just provide some time frame to the employee so that he grass improve his performance and also give them key points where they are lacking in so that the empennage improve as possible as they tolerate and moreover if employee is not change after 2 official written warnings he is terminated or asked to leafed the job. 4) How did you ensure that code of conduct is beingness followed during work? * By keep checking on the staff from time to time and the major source is earnting positive feedback from customers. Job Descrip tion section Retail storePosition Retail coach Job type unceasing (38- 40 hours) Salary $60,000 with normal entitlements date Status Ongoing Other Facilities chartered 3 series BMW Retail stock certificate Manager Job Duties * Maintains store staff by recruiting, selecting, orienting, and training employees * Maintains the stability and spirit of the store by complying with legal requirements * Contributes to ag collection effort by accomplishing related results as needed * Protects employees and customers by providing a estimable and clean store environs * Identifies urrent and future tense customer requirements * Maintains operations by initiating, coordinating, and enforcing programmes http//monster. com/hr/hr-best-practices/recruiting-hiring-advice/job-descriptions/retail-store-manager-job-description-sample. aspx Personal Specifications Qualification and related requirements * campaigner must poses degree or master in management, business or something similar to tha t. * mustiness having acquire of 1-2 year(s) in related field * Applicants should be Australian citizens Skills required * Must be Customer focussed * Required skill (s) MS office, give-and-take military operationing, spreadsheets and database management. Must be having knowledge more or less Tracking Budget Expenses * Having close parley skills * Must be Results Driven * Having good knowledge about Vendor Relationship, lymph gland relation ship and pricing of products Methods of recruitment External methods of recruitment * Placement agencies community can make contact with status agencies and can get list of candidates agree to job requirement. * Online advertisement Company can post its job advertisement on various online sites like Careerone. com. au, Seek. com. au * Benefits of remote methods of recruitment Bring bare-assed ideas and gift for the organisation * Help organisation to get required competencies * May reduce training cost by hiring nonrecreational or person having experience * Got heaps of options and can choose best among them Internal methods of recruitment * Promotions It is most common and efficient method for recruitment as it boosts the moral level of employees and also motivates employees to work better. * Personal testimonial Under this manager or team up leader recommend his team member for the job trifling in the political party this is also very commonly used method of internal recruitment. Benefits of internal recruitment * Cheaper and quicker to recruit * People already familiar with the business and how it operates. * Business already knows the strengths and weaknesses of candidates * Less cost included * constrain cost for training as compared to new employee Job advertisement (For internet) Location Melbourne, CBD locations Department Retail store Position Retail Manager $60K + Super + Bonuses + Clothing discounts + rent BMW Work in a fun, self-propelling culture with a supportive speed management structu reThis fashion retail merchant is one of the Australias leading contemporary brands interchange edgy, fashion-forward designs that are always one stride ahead of the trends. The brand focuses on nauseating yet sophisticated fashion for the heroic youth, always creating fresh new looks and a keen sense of style We are seeking a Store Manager for the XXXX store. You must have a heat energy for street fashion, a knack for styling, an brain of current fashion trends and the ability to turn in funky, urban looks to your fashion-conscious clientele.Duties include * Managing stock levels and staff * Managing rosters * Merchandising * Setting and ensuring budgets are met * Ensuring the segment provides a pleasant shopping experience for customers and exceptional customer servicing is being offered and * Ensuring health and safety at the oeuvre http//www. indeed. com. au/jobs? q=retail+managergclid=CMah3 Must have skills * A minimum of twain years experience in a management role * Strong interpersonal and selling skills * Excellent customer service and rapport building skills Good muckle management skills * Hands-on leadership skills * high school energy and a passion for the fabrication You are a strong team player, a lover of fashion retail, with an impetuous desire to have a favored career in the fashion retail industry. If you are looking for a caller-up that offers support, recognition, coupled with a fun working environment, then this is the role for you Send your hook on to Triangle Tribe at emailprotected com Job advertisement (For print media) Triangle Tribe Retail Manager * $ 60k package * spectacular incentives * CBD locationsWe are seeking an experienced professional to join well known organisation. Your responsibilities exit be challenging and varied including knowledge of business. The person must be able to promote the store and the fashion line. touch The Triangle Group is a group of companies on 9870xxxxxx for further information . OR telecommunicate at emailprotected com Action plan with timelines natural action Manager position became vacant Recruiting processIncluding job advertisement Interviewing the candidate Appointment of candidateAnd inform with job Date 26/9/2012 10/9/2012 22/9/2012 26/9/2012Person answerable - HR military officer HR officer HR officer Time required to complete task - App. 2 weeks 1 particular day 1-2 days Comments Manager position will be vacant from 26/9/2012 and before this recruitment process has to be completed On 10/9/2012Advertisement related to job will be posted on internet and other sources will all the detailsRelated to the job. On 22/9/2012 selected applications of candidates will be interviewed and among them best will be selected for this job. On 26/9/2012Contract mingled with company and selected candidate will be signed and he will be familiarised with his job and related duties. EEO principles cope with Employment Opportunity (EEO) is about * making sure that workplaces are free from all forms of unlawful discrimination and harassment * at that place must not be discrimination among applicants or candidates on the basis of * term * Sex * Pregnancy * Disability * Race, colour, ethnic or ethno-religious background, descent or nationality * marital status * Homosexuality, or * Gender identificationEEO groups are people affected by past or continuing disadvantage or discrimination in employment. These groups are Womens Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders Members of racial, ethnic, and ethno-religious minority groups, and People with a disability. Government stamp down the practices of discrimination in recruitment process and all the companies are following these principles and by following these principles many companies are cover growth due to their multicultural environment and different talent from different nations. http//www. awlink. nsw. gov. au/lawlink/adb/ll_adb. nsf/pages/adb_eeo_affirmative_action Referen ces Tutor2u viewed on 9th Aug 2012 http//tutor2u. net/business/people/recruitment_jobanalysis. asp Monster viewed on 9th Aug 2012 http//monster. com/hr/hr-best-practices/recruiting-hiring-advice/job-descriptions/retail-store-manager-job-description-sample. aspx Indeed viewed on eleventh Aug 2012 http//www. indeed. com. au/jobs? q=retail+managergclid=CMah3 Lawlink viewed on 11th Aug 2012 http//www. lawlink. nsw. gov. au/lawlink/adb/ll_adb. nsf/pages/adb_eeo_affirmative