What Is Net Neutrality - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 967 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Net Neutrality Essay Did you like this example? General Purpose: To explain what net neutrality is Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience the importance of it being a law Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is Net Neutrality?" essay for you Create order Central Idea: Net neutrality can prevent internet service providers from favoring one internet source over another. INTRODUCTION Many people are unaware of net neutrality and how it impacts their internet service. As more streaming services come available, the internet service providers are wanting to encourage the use of select services. Their current method to achieve this is by increasing or decreasing the speed of available streaming services. such as Skype or Hulu. Internet service providers, or ISP, should be required to treat all information and entertainment providers equally and for a flat amount to ensure that the average person will pay a reasonable fee for their services. Without regulation, these broadband internet providers will continue to increase their cost and limit the type of information and entertainment available to the average person. Only those people that can afford the costly ISP packages will benefit the most and have access to more information and entertainment. (Transition: To begin with, lets first focus on understanding the basics of net neutrality.) BODY What is net neutrality? To explain net neutrality, it is necessary to first begin with the ISPs and their connection to media service providers. The media service providers, such as Netflix, Google, and Facebook, reach out to ISPs to seek using their service to become a customer. These companies establish a contract and a fee focusing on the connection speed they will be providing for customers that are wanting to use the media service provider. This is when net neutrality comes into play. The ISPs can offer the media service providers a variety of packages similar to the different types of cable packages you may be familiar with for your television viewing. The better the speed the higher the cost. Net neutrality stops ISPs from controlling the speed of the access to different media services. As mentioned before, the speed of the access is established when the media service providers become a customer to the ISPs. Larger media providers, such as Netflix, have millions of customers that pay for their service, this in turn, provides them with the financial means to pay for a top of the line service with the ISPs. This is a huge disadvantage for the smaller media providers. (Transition: Now you may be wondering, how does this impact you?) The ISPs are restricting your access to seeking out information and using all media services available. Think of the ISPs as the companies that provide the highways for travel. The cars on the highway are the media service providers. The ISPs offer a faster lane to the media companies that have paid for the top of the line package. This means the other media providers are in the slower lanes or could be possibly broken down on the side of the road. (Transition: Why does this matter to you?) III. This can impact you in two different manners. The first is that the media service providers can pass the higher cost they are being charged for this fast lane, down to you, their customer. Resulting in a higher monthly bill for you. The second way it can greatly impact you is that the ISPs can choose which media providers you have access to and which ones they will restrict, this would be the broken down car in the earlier example. According to the Internet Association, 87% of rural Americans have one or no choice for high-speed internet. By the ISPs doing this, you are only getting to see some of the information and media services available on the internet. This ultimately means, they are selecting which information and services you have access to. To help emphasize this impact, Worth Hiding, a digital news source, emphasized last year, freedom of navigation is fundamental to the internets and in the modern world, societys well-being. This is a direct violation of our constitutional right to freedom of speech and our abil ity to get it. As the Internet Association states, The internet creates unprecedented benefits for society, and is the voice of the worlds leading internet companies. (Transition: These are the reason why net neutrality should become a permanent law. ) CONCLUSION In conclusion, understanding the connection between the media service providers and the internet service providers is critical to the consumer. The ability of the larger media service providers to pay for faster access to their content by contracting with the ISPs, is not only going to impact you, the consumer, but will also inhibit the small media providers the ability to grow as their access will become slowed or blocked due to their lack of funds to pay for the higher packages with the ISPs. Along with the concern of these costs being passed down to you, they are also deciding which information you will have access to. As I stated before, this is impacting our constitutional rights to have and receive freedom of speech. I hope you now agree and understand the reasons why we need to have a permanent law in place for net neutrality. Works Cited Finley, Klint. Net Neutrality: Heres Everything You Need To Know. Wired, Conde Nast, 30 Oct. 2018, www.wired.com/story/guide-net-neutrality/. Journal, Wall Street. Net Neutrality Explained. YouTube, YouTube, 26 Feb. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=p90McT24Z6w. Khachatrian, Harry. Everything You Need To Know About Why Net Neutrality Is A Terrible Idea. Daily Wire, The Daily Wire, 27 Nov. 2017, www.dailywire.com/news/24004/everything-you-need-know-about-why-net-neutrality-harRy-khachatrian. McCain, Miles. Net Neutrality: the Facts, Statistics, and Rebuttals. Worth Hiding, Worth Hiding, 23 Nov. 2017, worthhiding.com/2017/11/23/net-neutrality-is-important-heres-why-facts-statistics-rebuttals/ NewsHour, PBS. What Is Net Neutrality? YouTube, YouTube, 1 Dec. 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0X4Ogjg5MU. Restoring Internet Freedom. Federal Communications Commission, 13 June 2018, www.fcc.gov/restoring-internet-freedom.

Porters Five Forces Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2333 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Critical essay Did you like this example? Essay Question: Critically discuss Porters 5 forces model and argue whether the model still has relevance for todays modern business environment. Introduction Strategy is defined as the act of establishing a business direction that will successfully lead an organization into profit (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). Kaplan and Norton (1996) argue that the focal point of strategy formulation is how to effectively draw on business intelligence acquired from an organisations internal and external environment. An organizations unique capabilities, resources and processes are considered its core competences. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Porters Five Forces Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order These core competences determine the organizations unique position against its competitors within its external business environment (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). The first step towards analysing an organizations position within a business environment is to consider an overview of the surrounding environment. Such an analysis, identifies the general factors that impact on all market segments that operate under the same economic, technological, political and social environment (Daft, Sormunen and Parks, 1988). While knowledge of these factors provides an indication of the extent that these forces can impact on an organization, a more narrow approach is vital to assess the immediate competitive environment. Porters five forces model (1979) was introduced as a strategy tool aiming to analyze the immediate competitive environment of individual industries. Having been developed as an industry analysis framework, the five forces model, considers the specific forces that determine c ompetition. The impact of these five factors facilitates the competitiveness and economic potential of an industry. This paper aims to critically discuss the model starting with a detailed overview of the framework. Further research and critical evaluation of the theory on whether it still applies into modern business environment will also be considered. Analysis of the 5 forces framework An industry is described as a cluster of organizations sharing the same characteristics and competing in the same business environment (Lummus, Krumwiede and Vokurka, 2001). As industries share the same characteristics, the need to create a strategy tool that would enable the assessment of their profit potential, the impact of underlying drivers and their investment attractiveness was identified. In 1979, Porter recognised this need and proposed a framework which analyses the basic structure which can be extended to every industry. This foundation, constitutes of five essential factors that summarise the most important criteria to consider in order to analyse a particular sectors key drivers of success. Based on such an analysis, a strategy can be formulated proposed on growth factors and certainty rather than scenarios and forecasts. The first force of Porters framework refers to the threat of entry and is concerned with the ease or perplexity to enter a particular indus try. It should be clear that when an industry is difficult to enter, competition is high and existing competitors are very strong. Once potential newcomers decide to enter such an industry, they will not pose a significant threat to existing competitors as they will rather need to overcome existing barriers. Typically, these barriers fall under a set of factors including economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, cost disadvantages independent of size, access to distribution channels and legal constraints.Understanding how these barriers influence access to an industry is important to distinguish the competition level and profitability. For most industries, if the above factors do not constitute significant entry barriers a high threat of new entrants will beimposed (Porter, 1998). The second force considers the threat of substitutes as competitive goods that may replace or complement an organizations offerings. Substitutes, are differentiated from the core product or services that the main competitors within the industry offer. However, they are still categorised as a competitive force as existing customers may switch to them and create an impact on the industrys market share and profitability. Where substitutes offer considerable performance advantages for their price value (price/performance ratio) and are developed by powerful and viable industries, they should be considered a serious competitive factor. The third force discusses the power of buyers referring to the bargaining ability of customers to control a producers or suppliers profitability. This is the case in industries where buyers can exert strong influence to suppliers or producers which ultimately shapes the competitive environment. There are several criteria that determine buyers power. It may be the concentration of power within a small number of dominant customers and when it is easy to switch to another supplier within the industry as their product offerings are not highly differentiated. Additionally, it may consider the buyer competition threat when customers use the purchased good as a production resource for their business. When buyers have the ability to produce the same product or resources themselves instead of buying it from the suppliers, their power is also significant. Also, if buyers buy large volumes of products and are sensitive to lower prices their power is high (Porter, 1998). . The fourth force moves on to the power of suppliers and illustrates how dominant suppliers can reduce organizations power in negotiation for purchasing essential resources and their profitability. Increased supplier power is determined by a number of factors. These factors include concentration of power to a small number of suppliers. This poses challenges for organizations as they will be highly dependent to buying from these suppliers. Furthermore, they will face a significant switching cost if they decide to change supplie r. Where a limited number of suppliers exist within a particular industry, it is considered a very profitable segment. Additionally, suppliers power is determined by their potential to integrate forward meaning the danger to cut out buyers and reach end consumers directly. The fifth force concludes with the competitive rivalry which describes how the other four powers interrelate and shape the structure of competition within an industry. Putting together the impact of these forces, the level of competition as well as the profit potential and overall attractiveness and performance of an industry is determined. There are certain factors by which competitive rivalry is directly affected. If competing organizations are of approximately the same size, competitor balance will be such that rivalry will be intense. When industry growth rate is low, rivalry is likely to be intense. The existence of high fixed costs to operate in the industry and high exit barriers if a firm wishes t o leave the industry will also trigger high rivalry. Additionally, when there is not significant differentiation between the product offerings of individual competitors, the level of rivalry will also be intense. Critical evaluation of the framework Porters five forces model is a classic strategic business tool deployed at industry competition analysis, to assess the prosperity capabilities and environmental influences. However, as industries are dynamic and business characteristics constantly evolve it may be questioned if it is still applicable and reliable (McGahan, 2000). Criticism on whether the framework is incomplete suggests that the multi-level nature of certain industries may affect the accuracy of analysis. Specifically, as discussed in Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2009) understanding that most industries may need to be analysed at different segments is vital in order to implement a coherent analysis. Referring to the multiple clusters within airline industries as a relevant example, the authors discuss that a successful industry analysis should be applied into each customer segment and market cluster in order to provide a concise picture not just an overview. The dynamic nature of industries is ide ntified as another underlying factor that may cause uncertainty about the suitability of the framework. The fast pace that industries change, may affect fundamentally the circumstances, individual capabilities and overall business environment. This process is defined as convergence and describes how dynamic changes may recreate the industries causing two previously separate industries to merge (Van den Berghe and Verweire, 2000). More specifically, changing circumstances in converging industries may embed such resources innovations (for example technologies) that will enable new product capacities and ultimately widen competition (Malhotra and Gupta, 2001). Bringing together products or services so that they complement each other, may create a powerful way to impose a new competitive force within an industry. Reflecting on complementary products and the potential to combine and reposition them so that they will cooperate rather than compete to each other, Burton (1995) emph asises how this can reshape industry competition. Similarly, ul-Haq (2005) discusses a different approach which suggests that complementary products develop significant business opportunities and initiative for organizations for cooperating rather than competing with each other as the five forces theory suggests. This approach determines an additional competitive force that may provide significant profit potential and competition insight (Brandenburger and Nalebuff, 1995). Hence, it is suggested to be placed as the sixth force to complement the five forces framework (Yoffie and Kwak, 2006). The discussion so far has tended to assume that the five forces framework manages to address critical competition forces within an industry, although several other factors may also be considered in order achieve greater accuracy. In a relevant research, Christensen (2001) supports the value of the framework into the modern business environment. Christensens (2001) conclusion is that the f ive forces framework is an essential strategy tool which can provide a useful insight into all organizations. Even though it is acknowledged that profit circumstances may vary across industries and thus the model can be developed further, it is still considered a sound basis for competitive analysis. Similarly, Grundy (2006) outlines that there is still room to improve the framework and enhance its practical value. It is suggested that the five forces framework has been historically used as a theoretical strategy model with significant influence in mostly academic business management contexts. The authors approach relates with how it can be practically applied into the modern business environment with success. This includes several features including rating the impact of forces and assigning them an importance weight in order to explore how they interrelate and how they create an industry pattern. An attempt to revise the application of the framework in todays business c ontexts should ensure that it manages to incorporate the prevailing circumstances of the era into the analysis. Considering that Internet has become an increasingly powerful factor, Karagiannopoulos, Georgopoulos and Nikolopoulos (2005), attempt to study if this traditional theory is still appropriate for current industry examination. Their findings support the studies discussed above acknowledging the value of the framework as the starting point of competition examination. However, they also stress the influence of several other facts relative to technology innovation and the profit capabilities these create in order to accurately diagnose the changing nature and new patterns of economy and industries. The potential to utilise the five forces framework as the foundation of technology and Internet competition analysis is also confirmed by Siaw and Yu (2004). Conclusion Porters five forces model has been a very influential strategy framework providing guidelines to investigate competition, profitability and investment attractiveness within an industry. The purpose of this paper was to discuss the value of this traditional strategy framework into modern business environments. Providing a detailed examination of the individual five forces, the process of competitive industry analysis was explored. The very process of determining the optimal strategy following the principles of the model was identified. This relates to an assessment of the level of intensity of the individual five forces being the threat of entry, the threat of substitutes, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers and the competitive rivalry between them. Extending this principle into subsequent analysis and evaluation of the framework, more recent research was considered. Major conclusions signify that the defining characteristics of the framework can still be applied with success into strategy and modern business practices. However, good decision making practices should include a set of parameters to obtain a complete and up-to date picture. These parameters are based on the notion that industries are dynamic environments and changing factors directly affect competition as they impact on each competitors capabilities and profit potential. The most crucial to be included in a relevant analysis are then defined as technological innovation and advances, mapping of individual market clusters within industries, convergence and the potential to complement and reposition products. Overall, current strategy research follows Porters five forces framework in competition and industry analysis. The framework is found to be of critical importance in building strategic decisions. A more practical and realistic approach is nevertheless required in order to achieve a less vague and contemporary picture. Reference list Brandenburger,A., and Nalebuff,B., 1995. The right game: use game theory to shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 73 (4), pp 57-71. Burton, J.,1995. Composite strategy: the combination of collaboration and competition. Journal of General Management, 21(2), pp 3-28. Christensen, C., 2001. The past and future of competitive advantage . Sloan Management Review, 42(2), pp 105 -109. Daft, R., Sormunen, J. and Parks, D.,1988. Chief executive scanning, environmental characteristics, and company performance: An empirical study. Strategic Management Journal, 9(2), pp123-139. Grundy, T.,2006. Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porters five forces model. Strategic.Change, 15, pp 213–229. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R., 2009. Fundamentals of Strategy. Essex:Pearson. Kaplan,S. and Norton,D.P.,1996. Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy. California Management Review, 39(1), pp 53-79. Karagiannopoulos,G.D., Georgopoulos, N. and Nikolopoulos, K., 2005. Fathoming Porters five forces model in the internet era, 7 (6), pp.66 76 Lummus,R.R.,Krumwiede,D. W. and Vokurka,R.J., 2001.The relationship of logistics to supply chain management: developing a common industry definition. Industrial Management Data Systems,101 ( 8), pp.426 – 432. Malhotra, A. and Gupta, A., 2001. An investigation of firms responses to industry convergence. Academy of Management Proceedings. McGahan, .A.,2000. How industries evolve, Business Strategy Review, 11(3), pp. 1-16. Porter, M.E.,1979. How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, pp137-145. Porter, M. E. 2008. The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard business review, 86(1), pp 25-40. Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel,G.,1990. The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review, pp 1-15. Siaw,I. and Yu, A., 2004. An Analysis of the Internet in the Banking Industry, using Porters Five Forces Model. International Journal of Management. 21 ( 4), pp 514-523. ul-Haq, R., 2005. Alliances and Co-evolution: insights from the Banking Sector. Hampshire: Pangrave Macmillan. Van den Berghe, L. and Verweire,K., 2000. Convergence in the financial services industry. Geneva papers on Risk and Insurance, 25(2), pp 262-272. Yoffie, D. and Kwak, M., 2006. With friends like these. Harvard Business Review, 84(9), pp 88-98.

Game Theory and Best Decision Essay - 631 Words

Homework Assignment 1 Decision Analysis Questions 1-6 refer to the following A family business is considering making an investment in its manufacturing operation. Three decisions are under consideration: (1) a large investment; (2) a medium investment; and (3) a small investment. The business believes that there are three possible future outcomes for its product: (1) increasing demand; (2) stable demand; and (3) decreasing demand. The following payoff table describes the decision situation. |States of Nature | |Decision |Increasing Demand |Stable Demand |Decreasing Demand†¦show more content†¦5. If the business believes that the probability for increasing, stable and decreasing product demand are 0.4, 0.5, and 0.1, identify the best decision using the rule of maximum expected monetary value. |States of Nature |Show MoreRelatedGame Theory : An Integral Part Of Human Existence1570 Words   |  7 Pagesexistence. 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Essay The Meaning of Actus Reus and the Chain of Causation

The Meaning of Actus Reus and the Chain of Causation The term actus reus is Latin for ‘the guilty act’. It is essential in criminal law, as actus reus must be there for their to be a criminal offence. It can mean a guilty act or an omission to act. In the crime of murder, then the actus reus would be the killing of a human being. The act must be voluntary for the defendant to be guilty. For example, if the defendant acts out of reflex because of another force, it is not voluntary and the defendant cannot be found guilty. A good example can be found in the case of Hill v Baxter (1958) where a driver is being chased by a swarm of bees and driving a car in these conditions would be extremely hard so†¦show more content†¦The defendant used his girlfriend as a human shield when firing at the police. The police returned fire and shot his girlfriend and killed her. He claimed that it was the police that had killed her and not him. He was found guilty of manslaughter as the result would not have happened ‘but for’ the actions of the defendant. To break the chain of causation it would take actions of a third party intervening, the victim’s own contribution to the events or a natural and unforeseen event such as an earthquake. It is no excuse if the victim has a medical condition to that means that they are more susceptible to injuries. It is unlucky on the attacker but the actus reus is still there. Te defendant should ‘take the victim as they find them’ and this is known as the ‘thin skull rule.’ Explain in detail what is meant by the term mens rea. Discuss the different types of mens rea a defendant might have. Mens rea is Latin for ‘the guilty mind.’ For a defendant to be found guilty of a crime, it must be proven that the defendant had the guilty mind to commit the actus reus. The defendant can only be found guilty of a crime, when both the actus reus and the mens rea are present. They must be present at the same time or close together. For the defendant to have the mens rea they must have an intention to commit the crime. There are two types of intent. The first isShow MoreRelatedCriminal Law-Involuntary Manslaughter .6531 Words   |  27 Pagesnow sentenced to life imprisonment. The penalty for manslaughter is at the discretion of the judge, with s.5 of the Offences Against the Person Act providing that the maximum sentence is life imprisonment. Murder and manslaughter share a common actus reus – the unlawful killing of a human being. The distinction between the offences is complicated by the fact that there are various forms of manslaughter. Murder and ‘involuntary manslaughter’ differ in terms of the mens rea (Latin for guilty mind)orRead MoreLegal Studies8128 Words   |  33 Pagescriminal justice system †¢ the extent to which the law balances the rights of victims, offenders and society †¢ the effectiveness of legal and non-legal measures in achieving justice. Students learn about: 1.1.0 The nature of crime 1.1.1 the meaning of crime First of (any act or omission of duty resulting in harm to society that is punishable by the state. it seems quite clear but there is no clear definition of what those acts or omissions of duty are. This is due to which someone behaves in

Anil Ambani a Biography Free Essays

————————————————- Anil Ambani From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This  biographical article  needs additional  citations  for  verification. Please help by adding  reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced  must be removed immediately, especially if potentially  libelous  or harmful. We will write a custom essay sample on Anil Ambani: a Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now (June 2012)| Anil Ambani| Born| 4 June 1959  (age  53) Mumbai,  Maharashtra,  India| Residence| Mumbai, Maharashtra, India| Nationality| Indian| Alma mater| University of Mumbai The Wharton School| Occupation| Chairman of  Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group| Net worth|   $6 billion (2012)[1]| Religion| Hinduism| Spouse(s)| Tina Munim| Children| 2[2]| Parents| Dhirubhai Ambani Kokilaben Ambani| Relatives| Mukesh Ambani  (Brother)| Website| Anil Ambani| Anil Dhirubhai Ambani  (Gujarati:   ( ) ), born on 4 June 1959, is an Indian businessman. He is the chairman of  Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, one of the largest private  conglomerates  in India. Anil’s elder brother  Mukesh Ambani, who heads as the chairman ofReliance Industries. 3]  The Ambani family is the richest family in India and one of the richest in the world, their wealth inherited from  Dhirubhai Ambani, founder of largest Indian conglomerate Reliance Group. [4]  He is known for having had affairs with bollywood divas and his affair with Sushmita Sen is well known. He is a member of the Board of Overseers at the  Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He is also the member of the Bo ard of Governors of the  Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur;  Indian Institute of Management,  Ahmedabad. citation needed]  He is a member of the Central Advisory Committee,  Central Electricity Regulatory Commission. In March 2006, he resigned. He is also the Chairman of Board of Governors of  DA-IICT,Gandhinagar. [5] Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Career * 2  Awards and recognition * 3  Personal Life * 4  Bibliography * 5  References * 6  External links| ————————————————- [edit]Career Ambani joined  Reliance Industries, the company founded by his late father  Dhirubhai Ambani, in 1983 as Co-Chief Executive Officer and is credited with having pioneered many financial innovations in the Indian capital markets. citation needed]  For example, he led India’s first forays into overseas capital markets with international public offerings of global depositary receipts, convertibles and bonds. He directed Reliance in its efforts to raise, since 1991, around US$2 billion from overseas financial markets; with a 100-year  Yankee bond  issue in January 1997 being the high point, after which people regarded him as a financial wizard[citation needed]. He along with his brother, Mukesh Ambani, has steered the Reliance Group to its current status as India’s leading textiles, petroleum, petrochemicals, power, and telecom company. [citation needed])[citation needed]  He is a close friend of movie star  Amitabh Bachchan  and  Subrata Roy. One of his major achievements in the entertainment industry is the takeover of  Adlabs, the movie production to distribution to multiplex company that owns India’s only dome theatre and the recently announced joint venture worth US$ 825 million with  Steven Spielberg. [citation needed] He has been embroiled in a dispute with his brother, Mukesh Ambani, over the su pply of gas from the latter’s KG basin. citation needed] He recently topped Business Sheet’s â€Å"world’s biggest loser† list of business leaders who lost money in the late 2000s recession,[6]  losing $32. 5 billion in 2008, which brought him out of the top ten list to number 34 in 2009. ————————————————- [edit]Awards and recognition * Conferred the ‘Businessman of the Year 1997’ award by India’s leading business magazine  Business India, December 1997. [citation needed] ————————————————- [edit]Personal Life Anil Ambani is married to  Bollywood  Actress  Tina Munim  and has two sons Jai Anmol and Jai Anshul. [7]  He has taken part in the  Mumbai Marathon  race. Ambani is also a fan of  Premier Leagueclub,  Newcastle United  and was extremely close to buying the club in September 2008. In June 2004, Anil was elected as an Independent Member of the  Rajya Sabha  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ upper house of the Parliament of India. He is a  vegetarian. [8]He is known for having had affairs with bollywood divas and his love affair with former miss universe Sushmita Sen is well known. [9] How to cite Anil Ambani: a Biography, Essay examples

Electronic Arts Analysis Essay Example For Students

Electronic Arts Analysis Essay Bare tried to find a buyer for his invention but had trouble finding interested parties. Finally in 1371 he struck a deal with Magna to produce the Magna Odyssey which was sold in 1972. Unfortunately the product was poorly advertised and extremely overpriced and eventually was forgotten by most people. This event marked the beginning of the video game industry which took another 10 years or so to evolve. On May 28, 1982 Trip Hawkins new venture Amazing Software was established with an estimated $200,000 personal investment, Several months later, in December, Hawkins stabilized the company further with 2 million dollars of venture capital from Sequoia Capital guaranteed. Shortly thereafter the company changed its name to Electronic Arts (EAI). They took a novel approach at giving credit to its developers which is one of their early trademarks. EAI was the first video game publisher to treat its developers like artists in an industry where developers were more likely to be treated like factory workers, EAI also shared lavish profits with their developers, which added to their industry appeal. Electronic Arts, Inc. Engages in the development, publishing, and distribution of interactive software games that are playable by consumers on in-home video game players, personal computers, mobile video game players, the Internet, and worldwide (www. Finance. Yahoo. Com). They manufacture many different types Of games Which include adventure, action, role playing, simulations, strategy, and sports. The company has development and production studios situated around San Francisco, Los Angles, Orlando, Chicago, Vancouver, Montreal, London, and Tokyo. Develops their games from within the company but they also elaborate with other game developers to produce the software which EAI eventually publishes, markets, and distributes. They also offer a free web site which carries four brands of games which include: Pogo, EAI Games, EAI Sports, and EAI Sports Big, Electronic Arts operates with, or uses four different suppliers in the production of their video games. Sony and Nintendo supply the CDC, DVDs, and optical disks on which Electronic Arts furnishes to make video games. There are companies that press the disks and convert them into video games. There is a company that makes and prints the instruction booklets. And finally here is a company that packages and boxes the video games tort shipment. There are around 250 to 300 million video gamers worldwide that play video games frequently and about 100 million infrequent users. The average age of video gamers ranges from 20 to 40 year old range including preteens, teenagers, and young adults. The average age of video gamers is rising due to the amount of teenagers continuing to play throughout their adult years. As a result of this game developers are releasing games with more mature content. The video game industry has grown because Of several factors including broader game intent, the evolution of the video game consoles, better graphics, and the ability to play games online. The software segment of the video game industry was highly competitive, characterized by the continuous introduction Of new games and updated game titles and the development of new technologies for creating and playing games. The developers of software games ranged from small companies with limited resources to large corporations with significantly greater resources for developing, publishing, and marketing video game software (Thompson Gamble, 2006, pig. 08). While these companies are in competition with each there they are also in competition with Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo to get licensed to make games for specific consoles. EAI manufactures its games tort use with three major consoles in the video game industry, EAI revenues in 2003 for each platform included from Sonnys Palpitation 2, 7% a ttributed to Nineteens Gamecock, and 9% generated from Microsofts Oxbow. In 1994, Electronic Arts was authorized to develop and distribute Cd-based software for Palpitation, with all Palpitation Cads being sourced from Sony (Thompson Gamble, 2006, pig_317), They released I g new video game titles in 2003 as compared to 18 in 2002. Their relationship with Sony is considered good. In 2001 EAI signed a licensing agreement stating that Nintendo would supply all the optical disks for making the games directly to EAI. They released 17 games worldwide as opposed to 5 in 2002. EAI believes that they have a strong relationship vita Nintendo. In their licensing agreement with Microsoft Electronic Arts was authorized to develop and distribute DVD-based video games to play on the Oxbow; unlike its agreement with Sony and Nintendo, it was not compelled to source its DVDs from Microsoft (Thompson Gamble, 2006, pig. 318). Their relationship was further strained when Microsoft denied the collecting of revenues from online play of Oxbow games. It is not clear though whether this would affect their relationship with Microsoft in the future. There is widespread competition within the development and production of video games. Trifles EssayElectronic Arts relies on the strength Of its brands, marketing and development prowess, and through acquisitions and strategic partnerships. Atop of the electronic garbing industry Electronic Arts is emerging as the leading developer and publisher of interactive entertainment software for personal computers(Dell PCs), Sony Palpitation 2 computer entertainment systems, Sonnys SSP, Microsoft Oxbow 360 video game console, Nintendo Gamecock, and Game Boy Advance. The company markets its products worldwide under four brand logos and has more than 33 product franchises that ACH has reached more than a million unit sales worldwide. To create its games, Electronic Arts incorporates video, photographic images, motion capture, 3-d face and body rendering technologies, computer graphics, and stereo sound with contributions from story. Verities, film directors, and musicians, They also have a strong hold on licensing deals with big name sports figures including Tiger Woods. Recently the company paid 800 million for exclusive rights to make games using players and team logos from the NFG The increasing popularity of sports games among consumers culminates substantial sales for the company. As a result, Electronic Arts can put more money into the research and development and the technology of their games. The next element of Electronic Arts business strategy is the companys ability to develop procedures into efficient, standard, and repeatable processes. By its nature, creativity defies standardization, and Electronic Arts has found a way to balance these two competing business needs. Electronic Arts runs an impressively tight supply chain that enables it to send games for localization in multiple languages and releases them around the world, usually within the same day. Those repeatable processes have fostered trust between Electronic Arts and its retailers. When the company launches a title to, its retailers all know they will have the new game on their shelves at exactly the same time their competitors will have it. Nintendo historically has been strong in this market. They typically have been positioned at a younger demographic, They tend to be first-party centric in terms of their software, where they control a lot more of their own software sales on their platform. Their new platform the Nintendo Revolution is expected to be out in the spring. Songs array tot hardware and software products is creating a new high definition value chain that starts with cameras and goes through projectors and television sets and finally Palpitation 3, due out in the fall of 2006. Owning the content as they do is all of the sudden part of the integrated relationship with its devices. Each understands the value of the other and that is vatu makes Sony so unique, since they make them both. Microsofts Oxbow 360 avgas just released on November 22 with 18 titles as opposed to the original Oxbow which was released with only II titles. The reason why is because hey have more third-party support from publishers like EAI and Activation. These two developers alone are producing g out of the 18 games available which come from a total of four publishers. Some say that the lineup is a little sports heavy but there is actually a good mix between sports, shooters, first person, action, adventure, and racing games. Dont say goodbye to the original Oxbow yet, Microsoft says that they have enough parts and supplies to manufacture it through next summer. This will help smaller developers to publish games for the older systems so they dont have to go head to head With EAI and Activation on he newer consoles. In the short term game innovation could become a problem in the marketplace. The soaring development costs for the new consoles will put at least a few smaller game publishers out of business. Electronic Arts is by far the most successful third-party publisher today. Not only is it the lone computer game publisher to survive the Golden Age (1979-1992) still controlling its own fortunes, but those fortunes have surpassed all others in the industry routinely making over one billion dollars each year, In fact, several classic publishers are now wholly owned subsidiaries tot Electronic Arts including: Origin, Maxis, Westwood Associates, and Bullfrog. Electronic Arts success over the years was built upon a huge library of great games. Unfortunately all of these studios were closed except for Maxis leaving many top designers and programmers out of a job and not willing to work for EAI.

Creatine Hazardous or Healthy Essay Example For Students

Creatine: Hazardous or Healthy Essay Creatine: Hazardous or Healthy Essay? In sports today, everyone is looking for that extra advantage to enhance their performance, and to compete harder and stronger than their opponent. Creatine has become a major part of many athletes weight training and conditioning programs in the past few years. Many people have different opinions as to whether or not this substance should be used. After researching the topic of Creatine, I have concluded that there is nothing wrong with taking the supplement called Creatine. The supplement, known as Creatine or Natures Steroid, is the latest craze of the movement, and is selling over 100 million dollars in profit each year. Creatine is a natural substance that was first discovered by a French Chemist named Chevreul (Higher Power Creatine Web page). It is found in its highest form in lean red muscle tissue of animals and humans in the form of Creatine Phosphate. Creatine must be combined with exercise to get an effect. When muscles are used to lift a weight, or perform any type of work, ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is quickly broken down to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) and energy is released. The amount of ATP stored in the muscle must rely on Creatine to restock its supply of ATP. This cycle is repeated throughout the training period. Therefore, the addition of supplementary creatine allows the duration of the bodys maximum effort to increase. Which basically means you can lift more weight for a longer period of time(Applegate 25). Muscles will only increase in size when stimulated by a greater workload. For example, before one was using a Creatine supplement, he or she was bench-pressing 170 pounds, for 3 sets with 8 repetitions each set. With use of Creatine one is able to bench press 180 pounds, for 3 sets with ten repetitions per set. Thus, enhancing performance, and gradually increasing overall strength and muscle mass. The one major concern about Creatine is if it is harmful, and the type of side affects that may occur from its use. Creatine is a natural, safe substance that already exists in the human body. Its function is to provide the body with energy reserves. Reports have also shown that it is not an addictive substance, like tobacco. Creatine is safe for both sexes. Common side effects that are known to occur on some occasions are headaches, stomachaches, cramping, diarrhea, dehydration, and muscle soreness. Some female users have reported side effects such as water retention and bloating(Schirring 17). All of these side effects are common symptoms that non-users may experience everyday. For example, muscle soreness will always occur after a rigorous workout. And stomachaches, cramping, and diarrhea can occur due to digestion of an improper combination of foods. Creatine benefits the human body in many different ways. The so-called Natures Steroid is a source of immediate energy for working muscles. The availability of more raw energy allows more lengthy workouts for the athlete. The over the counter dietary supplement is research proven to increase peak power delay fatigue, and as already stated, increase energy during high intensity exercise(Williams 43). Most users reported their body fat level dropped simultaneously with the increase in lean mass. Women reported more fat loss and more lean mass due to their smaller frames. Additionally, Creatine is a major contributor to enhancing muscle cellular hydration, otherwise known as volumizing. Volumizing is muscle cells holding more water, becoming larger and better defined. This enhances the ripped look that body builders strive to attain(Higher Power Creatine Web page). Natures Steroid also benefits any kind of sport that involves short intense bursts of energy. That includes all sports except leisure activity. Many athletes have questioned if Creatine will cause them to test positive for an illegal substance during a random drug test. If the athlete were subjected to a random drug test, he or she would notice that they have creatinine in their system, which is a result of Creatine use. Creatine is not an illegal substance. .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 , .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .postImageUrl , .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 , .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67:hover , .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67:visited , .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67:active { border:0!important; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67:active , .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67 .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34a22d38f590ef15434108bc711b7b67:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cfcs Cause Deterioration Of The Ozone Layer Essay The Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have allowed this supplement to be sold as an over the counter supplement(Volek, Kraemer, Bush 768). Many of the professional athletes from different sports openly agree to use the substance. A huge majority of sports .