Causes of and Needs Related to Intellectual Disability

Causes of and Needs Related to Intellectual Disability Demonstrate knowledge of causes and associated condition related to intellectual disability Candidate’s full name: Hangbun Tang Task 1 Give 2 definitions of intellectual disability in accordance with a recognised source. Follow prescribed APA format when citing sources. Definition 1: Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in the intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving), or adaptive behaviour, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18. Source: Frequently Asked Questions on Intellectual Disability, American Association on intellectual and developmental disabilities. Definition 2: Intellectual disability is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, and social skills. These limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child. Source: National Dissemination Centre for children with Disabilities. Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impact on the person adaptive skill: Adaptive skills are those daily life skills needed for living, working and playing in the community. It includes communication, social skills, self-care, health and safety, basic reading, numbering, time, money†¦. Furthermore, adaptive skills are assessed in the person’s typical across all aspects of an individual’s life. When a person with an intellectual disability and they don’t know about their disability, it might be hard for them to learn about the realistic, and growing up to be a responsible person. If that person always treated as a child, it will be very hard when he/she grow up. Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impact on the person cognitive ability: Cognitive ability is the ability to think and process information. When a person grows up with an intellectual disability, this person will be hardly to receive the information or misunderstood about the instruction. Most of intellectual disability people are having a big issues of problem solving, comparing to a typical people. Task 2 2.1 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur before birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Prader Willi Syndrome (Genetic factor) Source: The American Association on intellectual and developmental disabilities. Main characteristics: If a person grows up with the prader willi syndrome, his/her genitals not a well developed, has almond shaped eyes, and a small down turned mouth. And the skeletal abnormalities and has small hands and feet with the delayed motor skill. Example 2: Foetal alcohol syndrome Source: The American Association on intellectual and developmental disabilities. Main characteristics: The baby will have a low birth weight and has small head and facial abnormalities, comparing to a typical baby. Failure to thrive, developmental delay, has behaviour problems, hyperactivity and poor social skills. 2.2 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during or immediately following birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Hypoxia Source: FAQ on intellectual disabilities, AAIDD Main characteristics: Babies born with hypoxia condition present at birth with pale or blue tinged skin and slow heart rate. Baby will also find difficulty in breathing, feeding, and has a poor muscle tone (floppy baby). Example 2: Trauma Source: FAQ on intellectual disabilities, AAIDD Main characteristics: The baby will be unresponsive and inability to regulate or maintain the body temperature. The baby will have problem with breathing and tissue damaged (obvious bruising, swelling and/or intracranial bleed). Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during childhood years and describe the impact on the day to day support needs of the person. Outcome 3: Describe conditions frequently associated with intellectual disability. Task 3 Condition 1: Spina Bifida Cause/s: Birth defect of the spinal column occurs 21 to 28 days after conception. Sometime during the first month of the pregnancy, the two sides of the spine (backbone) join together to cover the spinal cord, spinal nerves and meninges (the tissues covering the spinal cord). Spina Bifida refers to any birth defect involving incomplete closure of the spine. Main characteristics 1: partial or complete lack of sensation or paralysis of the legs. Main characteristics 2: fluid buildup inside the skull (hydrocephalus) and dimpling of the sacral area. Description of the support needs of the person with the condition: Physical support needs: Medical and surgical interventions Mobility aids Continence needs Adapting environment Social support: Transport and community access Friendship and activities support Opportunity for education and work Cognitive support needs: Learning support Aids to support learning Condition 2: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Cause/s: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is growth, mental and physical problems that may occur in a baby when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Main characteristics 1: problem with face narrow, small eyes with large epicanthal folds and small head. Main characteristics 2: small upper jaw, smooth groove in upper lip, smooth and thin upper lip. Description of the support needs of the person with the condition: Physical support needs: Medical supervision. Physiotherapy. Assistance with daily living activities. Social support needs: Interaction with friends training. Behavior management training. Support activities Cognitive support needs: Support educational opportunities. Aids to support learning. Assist with communication. Condition 3: Prader Willi Syndrome Cause/s: a gene missing on part of chromosome 15. Normally, your parents each pass down a copy of this chromosome. Main characteristics 1: If a person grows up with the prader willi syndrome, his/her genitals not a well developed, has almond shaped eyes, and a small down turned mouth. Main characteristics 2: The skeletal abnormalities and has small hands and feet with the delayed motor skill. Description of the support needs of the person with the condition: Physical support needs: Specialist weight management. Exercise. Remove food (usually locked away). Medical supervision. Social needs: Consistency about food issues. Activities which are unrelated to food. Provide distractions so life is not centered on food. Cognitive needs: Routine about meal times. Educate about managing own diet. Educational support. Reference List: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.  http://aaidd.org Bray, Anne. (2003). Definition of Intellectual Disability. Donald Beasley Institute. Intellectual Disability Causes and Prevention  http://www.inclusionireland.ie/sites/default/files/documents/causesandpreventionbooklet.pdf National Dissemination Centre for Children with Disabilities.  http://nichcy.org/disability/specific/intellectual Oliver, Michael. (1997). The Politic of Disablement, critical texts in social work and the welfare state.  London: Greenwich Macmillan.

India’s Sacred Cow Essay

The cultural practices of other people often seem strange, irrational, and even inexplicable to outsiders. In fact, the members of the culture in question may be unable to give a rationally satisfying explanation of why they behave as they do: they may say that â€Å"the gods wish it so,† or that â€Å"it is always done that way.† Yet a fundamental assumption of social science is that no matter how peculiar or even bizarre human cultures may appear, they can be understood at least in part. To Americans and Europeans, the attitude of most people in India toward cows is perplexing. Hindus regard the animals as sacred and will not kill or eat them. In India a large population of cows wanders freely through both rural areas and city streets, undisturbed by the millions of hungry and malnourished people. Why? Marvin Harris suggests an answer to such puzzles. In this quite famous article, he suggests that India’s sacred cow is in fact quite a rational cultural adaptati on — because the cow is so extraordinarily useful. News photographs that came out of India during the famine of the late 1960s showed starving people stretching out bony hands to beg for food while cattle strolled behind them undisturbed. The Hindu, it seems, would rather starve to death than eat his cow or even deprive it of food. Western specialists in food habits around the world consider Hinduism an irrational ideology that compels people to overlook abundant, nutritious foods for scarcer, less healthful foods. Many Western observers believe that an absurd devotion to the mother cow pervades Indian life. Many Indians agree with Western assessments of the Hindu reverence for their cattle, the zebu, a large-humped species of cattle prevalent in Asia and Africa. M. N. Srinivas, an Indian anthropologist states: â€Å"Orthodox Hindu opinion regards the killing of cattle with abhorrence, even though the refusal to kill the vast number of useless cattle which exists in India today is detrimental to the nation.† Even the Indian Ministry of Information formerly maintained that â€Å"the large animal population is more a liability than an asset in view of our land resources.† Accounts from many different sources point to the same conclusion: India, one of the world’s great civilizations, is being strangled by its love for the cow. The easy explanation for India’s devotion to the cow, the one most Westerners and Indians would offer, is that cow worship is an integral part of Hinduism. Religion is somehow good for the soul, even if it sometimes fails the body. Religion orders the cosmos and explains our place in the universe. Religious beliefs, many would claim, have existed for thousands of years and have a life of their own. They are not understandable in scientific terms. But all this ignores history. There is more to be said for cow worship than is immediately apparent. History of Cow Worship The earliest Vedas, the Hindu sacred texts from the Second Millennium B.C., do not prohibit the slaughter of cattle. Instead, they ordain it as a part of sacrificial rites. The early Hindus did not avoid the flesh of cows and bulls; they ate it at ceremonial feasts presided over by Brahman priests. Cow worship is a relatively recent development in India; it evolved as the Hindu religion developed and changed. This evolution is recorded in royal edicts and religious texts written during the last 3,000 years of Indian history. The Vedas from the First Millennium B.C. contain contradictory passages, some referring to ritual slaughter and others to a strict taboo on beef consumption. Many of the sacred-cow passages were incorporated into the texts by priests in a later period. By 200 A.D. the status of Indian cattle had undergone a transformation. The Brahman priesthood exhorted the population to venerate the cow and forbade them to abuse it or to feed on it. Religious feasts involving the ritual slaughter and consumption of livestock were eliminated and meat eating was restricted to the nobility. By 1000 A.D., all Hindus were forbidden to eat beef. Ahimsa, the Hindu belief in the unity of all life, was the spiritual justification for this restriction. But it is difficult to ascertain exactly when this change occurred. An important event that helped to shape the modern complex was the Islamic invasion, which took place in the Eighth Century A.D. Hindus may have found it politically expedient to set themselves off from the invaders, who were beefeaters, by emphasizing the need to prevent the slaughter of their sacred animals. Thereafter, the cow taboo assumed its modern form and began to function much as it does today. The place of the cow in modern India is every place – on posters, in the movies, in brass figures, in s tone and wood carvings, on the streets, in the fields. The cow is a symbol of health and abundance. The Economic Uses of The Cow The cattle are not just worshiped and revered in India. They are also extraordinarily useful. The zebu cow provides the milk that Indians consume in the form of yogurt and ghee (clarified butter), which contribute subtle flavors to much spicy Indian food. This is one practical role of the cow, but cows provide less than half the milk produced in India. Most cows in India are not dairy breeds. In most regions, when an Indian farmer wants a steady, high-quality source of milk he usually invests in a female water buffalo. In India the water buffalo is the specialized dairy breed because its milk has a higher butterfat content than zebu milk. Although the farmer milks his zebu cows, the milk is merely a by-product. More vital than zebu milk to South Asian farmers are zebu calves. Male calves are especially valued because from bulls come oxen which are the mainstay of the Indian agricultural system. Small, fast oxen drag wooden plows through late-spring fields when monsoons have dampened the dry, cracked earth. After harvest, the oxen break the grain from the stalk by stomping through mounds of cut wheat and rice. For rice cultivation in irrigated fields, the male water buffalo is preferred (it pulls better in deep mud), but for most other crops, including rainfall rice, wheat, sorghum, and millet, and for transporting goods and people to and from town, a team of oxen is preferred. The ox is the Indian peasant’s tractor, thresher and family car combined; the cow is the factory that produces the ox. If draft animals instead of cows are counted, India appears to have too few domesticated ruminants, not too many. Since each of the 70 million farms in India requires a draft team, it follows that Indian peasants should use 140 million animals in the fields. But there are only 83 million oxen and male water buffalo on the subcontinent, a shortage of 30 million draft teams. In other regions of the world, joint ownership of draft animals might overcome a shortage, but Indian agriculture is closely tied to the monsoon rains of late spring and summer. Field preparation and planting must coincide with the rain, and a farmer must have his animals ready to plow when the weather is right. When the farmer without a draft team needs bullocks most, his neighbors are all using theirs. Any delay in turning the soil drastically lowers production. Because of this dependence on draft animals, loss of the family oxen is devastating. If a beast dies, the farmer must borrow money to buy or rent an ox at interest rates so high that he ultimately loses his land. Every year foreclosures force thousands of poverty-stricken peasants to abandon the countryside for the overcrowded cities. If a family is fortunate enough to own a fertile cow, it will be able to rear replacements for a lost team and thus survive until life returns to normal. If, as sometimes happens, famine leads a family to sell its cow and ox team, all ties to agriculture are cut. Even if the family survives, it has no way to farm the land, no oxen to work the land, and no cows to produce oxen. The prohibition against eating meat applies to the flesh of cows, bulls, and oxen, but the cow is the most sacred because it can produce the other two. The peasant whose cow dies is not only crying over a spiritual loss but over the loss of his farm as well. Religious laws that forbid the slaughter of cattle promote the recovery of the agricultural system from the dry Indian winter and from periods of drought. The monsoon, on which all agriculture depends, is erratic. Sometimes it arrives early, sometimes late, sometimes not at all. Drought has struck large portions of India time and again in this century, and Indian farmers and the zebus are accustomed to these natural disasters. Zebus can pass weeks on end with little or no food and water. Like camels, they store both in their humps and recuperate quickly with only a little nourishment. During droughts the cows often stop lactating and become barren. In some cases the condition is permanent but often it is only temporary. If barren animals were summarily eliminated, as Western experts in animal husbandry have suggested, cows capable of recovery would be lost along with those entirely debilitated. By keeping alive the cows that can later produce oxen, religious laws against cow slaughter assure the recovery of the agricultural system from the greatest challenge it faces – the failure of the monsoon. The local Indian governments aid the process of recovery by maintaining homes for barren cows. Farmers reclaim any animal that calves or begins to lactate. One police station in Madras collects strays and pastures them in a field adjacent to the station. After a small fine is paid, a cow is returned to its rightful owner when the owner thinks the cow shows signs of be ing able to reproduce. During the hot, dry spring months most of India is like a desert. Indian farmers often complain they cannot feed their livestock during this period. They maintain cattle by letting them scavenge on the sparse grass along the roads. In the cities cattle are encouraged to scavenge near food stalls to supplement their scant diet. These are the wandering cattle tourists report seeing throughout India. Westerners expect shopkeepers to respond to these intrusions with the deference due a sacred animal; instead, their response is a string of curses and the crack of a long bamboo pole across the beast’s back or a poke at its genitals. Mahatma Gandhi was well aware of the treatment sacred cows (and bulls and oxen) received in India: â€Å"How we bleed her to take the last drop of milk from her. How we starve her to emaciation, how we ill-treat the calves, how we deprive them of their portion of milk, how cruelly we treat the oxen, how we castrate them, how we beat them, how we overloa d them.† Oxen generally receive better treatment than cows. When food is in short supply, thrifty Indian peasants feed their working bullocks and ignore their cows, but rarely do they abandon the cows to die. When cows are sick, farmers worry over them as they would over members of the family and nurse them as if they were children. When the rains return and when the fields are harvested, the farmers again feed their cows regularly and reclaim their abandoned animals. The prohibition against beef consumption is a form of disaster insurance for all India. Western agronomists and economists are quick to protest that all the functions of the zebu cattle can be improved with organized breeding programs, cultivated pastures, and silage. Because stronger oxen would pull the plow faster, they could work multiple plots of land, allowing farmers to share their animals. Fewer healthy, well-fed cows could provide Indians with more milk. But pastures and silage require arable land, land needed to produce wheat and rice. A look at Western cattle farming makes plain the cost of adopting advanced technology in Indian agriculture. In a study of livestock production in the United States, one scientist at Cornell University found that 91 percent of the cereal, legume, and vegetable protein suitable for human consumption is consumed by livestock. Approximately three quarters of the arable land in the United States is devoted to growing food for livestock. In the production of meat and milk, American ranchers use enough fossil fuel to equal more than 82 million barrels of oil annually. Indian cattle do not drain the system in the same way. In a 1971 study of livestock in West Bengal, India, by a professor at the University of Missouri, found that Bengalese cattle ate only the inedible remains of subsistence crops – rice straw, rice hulls, the tops of sugar cane, and mustard-oil cake. Cattle graze in the fields after harvest and eat the remains of crops left on the ground; they forage for grass and weeds on the roadsides. The food for zebu cattle costs the human population virtually nothing. â€Å"Basically the cattle convert items of little direct human value into products of immediate utility.† In addition to plowing the fields and producing milk, the zebus produce dung, which fires the hearths and fertilizes the fields of India. Much of the estimated 800 million tons of manure produced annually is collected by the farmers’ children as they follow the family cows and bullocks from place to place. And when the children see the droppings of another farmer’s cattle along the road, they pick those up also. The system operates with such high efficiency that the children of West Bengal recover nearly 100 percent of the dung produced by their livestock. From 40 to 70 percent of all manure produced by Indian cattle is used as fuel for cooking; the r est is returned to the fields as fertilizer. Dried dung burns slowly, cleanly, and with low heat – characteristics that satisfy the household needs of Indian women. Staples like curry and rice can simmer for hours. While the meal slowly cooks over an unattended fire, the women of the household can do other chores. Cow chips, unlike firewood, do not scorch as they burn. It is estimated that the dung used for cooking fuel provides the energy-equivalent of 43 million tons of coal. At current prices, it would cost India an extra 1.5 billion dollars in foreign exchange to replace the dung with coal. And if the 350 million tons of manure that are being used as fertilizer were replaced with commercial fertilizers, the expense would be even greater. Roger Revelle of the University of California at San Diego has calculated that 89 percent of the energy used in Indian agriculture (the equivalent of about 140 million tons of coal) is provided by local sources. Even if foreign loans were to provide the money, the capital outlay necessary to replace the Indian cow with tractors and fertilizers for the fields, coal for the fires, and transportation for the family would probably warp international financial institutions for years. Instead of asking the Indians to learn from the American model of industrial agriculture, American farmers might learn energy conservation from the Indians. Every step in an energy cycle results in a loss of energy to the system. Like a pendulum that slows a bit with each swing, each transfer of energy from sun to plants, plants to animals, and animals to human beings involves energy losses. Some systems are more efficient than others; they provide a higher percentage of the energy inputs in a final, useful form. Seventeen percent of all energy zebus consume is returned in the form of milk, traction and dung. American cattle raised on Western range land return only 4 percent of the energy they consume. But the Americ an system is improving. Based on techniques pioneered by Indian scientists, at least one commercial firm in the United States is reported to be building plants that will turn manure from cattle feedlots into combustible gas. When organic matter is broken down by anaerobic bacteria, methane gas and carbon dioxide are produced. After the methane is cleansed of the carbon dioxide, it is available for the same purposes as natural gas – cooking, heating, electricity generation. The company constructing the plant plans to sell its product to a gas-supply company, to be piped through the existing distribution system. Schemes similar to this one could make cattle ranches almost independent of utility and gasoline companies, for methane can be used to run trucks, tractors, and cars as well as to supply heat and electricity. The relative energy self-sufficiency that the Indian peasant has achieved is a goal American farmers and industry are now striving for. Studies often understate the efficiency of the Indian cow, because dead cows are used for purposes that Hindus prefer not to acknowledge. When a cow dies, an Untouchable, a member of one of the lowest ranking castes in India, is summoned to haul away the carcass. Higher castes consider the body of the dead cow polluting; if they do handle it, they must go through a rite of purification. Untouchables first skin the dead animal and either tan the skin themselves or sell it to a leather factory. In the privacy of their homes, contrary to the teachings of Hinduism, untouchable castes cook the meat and eat it. Indians of all castes rarely acknowledge the existence of these practices to non-Hindus, but most are aware that beef eating takes place. The prohibition against beef eating restricts consumption by the higher castes and helps distribute animal protein to the poorest sectors of the population that otherwise would have no source of these vital nutrients. Untouchables are not the only Indians who consume beef. Indian Muslims and Christians are under no restriction that forbids them beef, and its consumption is legal in many places. The Indian ban on cow slaughter is state, not national, law and not all states restrict it. In many cities, such as New Delhi, Calcutta, and Bombay, legal slaughterhouses sell beef to retail customers and to the restaurants that serve steak. 6

The Unexplained Mystery Into Writing Term Papers College Uncovered

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Multiple Elements Of Incarceration Within Australia s...

This eBook reports on issues relating to multiple elements of incarceration within Australia’s Criminal Justice System. Specifically, a large allotment of text is allocated to discuss transgender inmates and their sexual identification once in prison. The author Cyndi Banks, acknowledges that prisons may adopt either genitalia- based placements or a identity based placements and notes that if genital reconstructive surgery has not been undergone, the inmate will be identified as their birth sexual orientation. Further, the text discusses the detrimental effects these systems have on transgender prisoners and states that research data indicates that these manners of imprisonment may ultimately affect the offender’s chance of successful rehabilitation, which is a significant problem. This literature is effective in portraying the current problems associated with transgender inmates, and has has aided me to understand that the sexual identification of a transgender inmate has a significant impact on them during the period that they are incarcerated. Additionally, this is a problem that a prison officer within scenario seven would be required to comprehend and this text begins to explain solutions to this. Blight, Jake. 2006. â€Å"Transgender Inmates.† Trends and issues: crime and criminology 16 (8): 1-6. Accessed April 16, 2016. http://aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi168.pdf This paper, written by Jake Blight, directly addresses the issue of transgenderShow MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Rate For Women1978 Words   |  8 PagesAustralia has witnessed a gradual and undeniable increase in imprisonment rates for women in the last twenty years. Representing the plight of criminalized and imprisoned women is not a straightforward task. These women do not share a single lived experience, nor do they reflect a neat and simplistic narrative of individual redemption. Drawing public attention to the predicament of criminalization and imprisonment in women allows us to understand the of rising incarceration rates and what reasonsRead MoreIncarceration: Prison and Inmates10532 Words   |  43 Pages state, and local lawmakers to arrest and confine persons suspected of crimes. The judicial system is authorized to confine persons convicted of crimes. This confinement, whether before or after a criminal conviction, is called incarceration. Incarceration is one of the main forms of punishment for the commission of illegal offenses. Juveniles and adults alike are subject to incarceration. Incarceration is the detention of a person in a jail or prison. The federal, state, and local governmentsRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Marijuana Should Be Legal1948 Words   |  8 PagesMarijuana’s effectiveness in treating wide range of diseases continues to increase daily. Today we know that cannabis can be found effective for treating nausea and appetite loss, many forms of cancer chemotherapy, pain and appetite loss due to HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, and more. These all come with very mild temporary side effects, with no serious toxic reactions found in any case (Gieringer, Carter, and Rosenthal). The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes follows with a good argument as is evidencedRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION CHIVAS GOCELA DULGUIME, R.C I. INTRODUCTION PENOLOGY - the study of punishment of crime. - a branch of Criminology dealing with prison management, and the deterrence and reformatory treatment of criminals. SOURCES OF THE TERM PENOLOGY: a. Peno was derived from Greek word â€Å"piono† and from the Latin word â€Å"poena†, both terms mean punishment. b. Logy was from the Latin word â€Å"logos†, meaning science. c. Penology distinguish from Penitentiary Science- Penology dealsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMcKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213

Starbucks - 3311 Words

|Starbucks: Leaderships | |MGMT 451 Fall 2011 Dr. Peter Geib | |Christelle Dominique Timothy Bjornson | |Yuchi Kawakami Zaklina Aguilar | Introduction Coffee has historically been a beverage that has significant cultural impact, as over coffee people would socialize and make important decisions. Nowadays the most well known coffee house that spreads from the Forbidden City to the colorful streets in Europe is Starbucks. This Seattle-based company has enjoyed significant national and international success due to its outstanding leaders. In the following paper, we will be discussing the specific characteristics of leadership†¦show more content†¦The original woodcut logo has been moved to the Starbucks Headquarters in Seattle (Figure 2). Original brown logo, used from 1971–1987. Green logo, used from 1987-2010 (It is still being used as a secondary logo). Redesigned logo, used from 2011-present. Figure 2- Logo, then and now Leadership at Starbucks Starbucks foundation is set on the belief that employees make the company what it is and by doing so Starbucks has created a unique situation where customers, employees all profit due to the decisive leadership of upper management. Howard Schultz and Howard Behar are the spearhead of Starbucks leadership and are therefore the key focus of this part of the paper. Howard Schultz Howard Schultz was born July 19, 1953, in Brooklyn, New York. Schultz was the eldest of three children. He grew up in a poor family, and graduated from Canarsie High School in 1971. In 1975, Schultz earned a degree in Communications from Northern Michigan University, where he earned a football scholarship. Schultz was the first of his family to graduate college. Schultz worked a variety of jobs until becoming manager of U.S. operations for Hammarplast – a Swedish manufacture of kitchenware (Zwierzynski, 2011). 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Pablo Picasso and Stelarc Free Essays

Introduction- Pablo Picasso and Stellar are two artists who both use shock tactics to create artworks that resonate with the audience. Although ones a modernist and the other a postmodernist, they both share similarities in their subject matter, and that is shock value. Body 1- Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist who was born in 1881. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Picasso and Stelarc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Picasso was a painter, printmaker, ceramicist, sculptor and stage designer who spent majority of his life living in France. Picasso showed outstanding talent from a young age, who painted in a realistic manner throughout his entire childhood, and into adolescence. Picasso as seen to be one of the most creative artists of the 20th century, who played a major impact influencing young artists. Picasso is also well known for co- founding the period of the cubist movement, along with the invention of sculpture which was constructed, the co-invention of collage and the numerous amount of styles of which he developed by exploring further than other artists. The cubist movement was a type of essential approach to the representation of form and space. The style was first formed from Analytic Cubism to the later Synthetic Cubism, in which forms seemed to be covered over one another. Picasso was seen as a modernist artist as he was the co-founder of cubism, as well as most of his art being abstract and full of shape. Modernism is known for being individual as well as providing artistic theories while expressing and testing out new ideas. The modernist style was firstly found in retail, entertainment, fashion and shops and wasn’t properly recognized in art until the late sass’s. Artworks- the Weeping Woman series features the most famous artworks in which Pablo Picasso painted. One of these artworks ‘Queering’ is featured throughout the series. Queering is mural sized, oil on canvas which Picasso painted in 1937. Queering displays the chaos and tragedy of which individuals and innocent civilians, even animals and building experienced when the bombing of Queering occurred. The painting is seen as more of a p eace symbol rather than an artwork, which helped bring the Spanish Civil War to the world’s attention. Another artwork relating to Queering was Picasso famous artwork Weeping Woman’. Weeping Woman is viewed as a continuation of the tragedy obvious in Queering. Weeping Woman was also oil on canvas and was also painted in 1937, to Join his series. The woman which can be seen in Weeping Woman can also be found in his previous work Queering. She is en clutching onto what appears to be her dead child who was killed from the Spanish Civil War. There are a large variety of etchings, drawings and paintings that feature this emotional female character. Both Weeping Woman and Queering are seen as visual representations on the emotion and feelings that the people felt towards the bombing and war, although some people believe, these paintings were also evaluating the relationship Picasso had with the model Dora, which is the emotional woman featured in these two artworks, representing the fiery relationship they had, although these artworks created a positive dynamic between the artwork, artist, model and even audience. Both artworks of Queering and Weeping woman are seen as the artist’s personal way in shocking the audience by painting the torment of a man haunted by the horrific images of the massacres taking place around him, in the Civil War. Picasso work easily shocked the audience when they were first painted his works as it vilified government and war. Stellar is a postmodern artist who can relate to using the same theme which is shock value, similar to Stellar. Stellar is a Cypriot-Australian artist who was born in 1946. He moved from Cyprus to Australia when he was at a young age. Stellar studied Arts and Craft at T. S. T. C. , Art and Technology at CHATEAU and M. R. I. T. , Melbourne University. He not only studied, but taught Art and Sociology at Yashmak International School and Sculpture and Drawing at Ballard University College. Stealer’s work if often based on suspensions, simulations and interventions of the body, going further beyond what any other artist would usually go. He uses technology to confront the audience and challenge the concept of art. He unites artwork and audience by extending his own body and its capabilities, using it as a sculpture or boundary with technology. He is also well known by his bizarre and different style of artwork through the use of performance, art events and interactive artworks. Stellar has engaged with the theme of the body throughout majority of his artworks. He has the reputation to be involved with his artworks, therefore making them personal to himself and becoming engaged with also the audience. Stellar is a postmodern artist as he emerges art movement which contradict modernism in his artworks. Some of these art movements include intermediary, installation, conceptual art and multimedia, generally involving video which is described at postmodern. 2 artworks- Stellar is well known by many people as the artist who uses suspension to portray a performance, using his body as a medium. In the seventies, when Stellar first started experimenting with suspensions, he made his performances mostly private and all acts were performed with surgical equipment. Stealer’s suspension performances attracted the audience as it provided them with excitement which occasionally generated shock value. Stealers artwork Suspension, involved his naked flesh, pierced with hooks, which were inserted with wires and pulleys which raised him up off the ground, pulling and stretching at his skin. When the hook enters Stealer’s skin, it causes his body to become a physical extension. This then shocks the audience, although it stimulates a calm reaction from Stellar, slower pulse and blood flow is then diminished. Another famous artwork which Stellar has created to gain a reaction from the audience is his artwork Extended Arm. The Extend is constructed materials such as stainless steel, aluminum and acrylic. The artwork is a lifelike robotic hand, with five fingers, with some novel capabilities. It is able to do such movements such as wrist rotation as well as thumb rotation, individual finger flexing tit each finger being able to gripper in it. Similar to Picasso, Stellar designs his artworks in hoping to shock the audience which will attract the audience to gain interest in his artworks, and to get his name well known by the general public. As Picasso famous artworks have been around for years longer than Stellar, both artists portrayed their own type of shock. The way shock is seen now, in comparison to when Picasso first originally started creating artworks, has changed drastically, as shock back then wouldn’t create the same impact in present. How to cite Pablo Picasso and Stelarc, Papers

Internship Report Preventive Business Plans

Question: Describe about the Internship Report for Preventive Business Plans. Answer: 1: Time Period 1-2 Hours 2-3 Hours 3-4 Hours 4-5 Hours 5-6 Hours 6-7 Hours Check whether sufficient number of devices are ordered Check the working capability of the Devices Check the Electrical safety of the device Check the PPM for each device Ensure that the device can be repaired quickly during time of Emergency Gnatt Chart for the for the Planned Preventive Maintenance (PPM) and electrical safety for Centrifuge Devices Team Members on Task Supervisors (Biomedical Engineer): The most important job of the supervisor, who is a bio-medical engineer, is to ensure that all the centrifuge device that are brought to the International Medical Centre are working in proper manner. A bio-medical engineer needs to be an expert electrical and mechanical department. Hence, it is important for the supervisor to make sure that the electronics circuits within the device are able to work properly and the device is able to do its mechanical function in the proper manner. At the beginning, it is crucial to ensure that a sufficient number of centrifuge devices is present with the medical center so that the health workers do not face the issue of shortage of device dusting the time crisis. With the help of the Planned Preventive Maintenance (PPM), it is possible to provide proper maintenance of the devices. The period of PPM can be six months of even one year. All the devices need to be passed the safety test so that they are able to work properly during the time of need. It is also important to ensure the electrical level of security of the devices. If a device fail to run through the safety test and electrical test, it is duty of the supervisor to reject the device and send it back to the distributor. Co-workers (Bio-medical Engineers): It is the duty of the co-workers to follow the instructions of the supervisors strictly. Each co-worker needs to perform the duty that is allocated to them by the supervisor. It is their responsibility to make sure that they have the skill that is required to run the safety test for each device. In order to run the electrical safety test for the device, it is important for to ensure the resistivity of the protective earth conductor. It is important to measure the electrical safety level of the between the main plug and earth pin. The workers should have the knowledge of when a device has failed to achieve its purpose. After the completion of the safety test, it is important for the workers to label the device so that the health workers can rely on the device while performing a medical test. Supervised Staff: The duty of the supervised staffs is to ensure that the all the materials that are required to run the safety test of the centrifuge device are present with the co-workers of the supervisor. The supervised staffs also need to have the skill to repair the device in very short period during the time of emergency. External Inputs: The International Medical Center will have to make contract with the company manufacturing the bio-medical device. This will help the medical center to get a regular supply of the essential medical device. It is also important for the medical institute to ensure that they sign maintenance contract with the companies so that they can ensure that all the devices are able to work properly. The health institute also needs to have good connection with the company dealers. 2: Supervisors: The ventilator devices are the most important requirements of the ICU of the hospital. The bio-medical engineer needs to communicate properly with the supervisors so that it is possible to make proper use of the ventilator device. The supervisor needs to give special attention to check the proper function of this device as in ICU if the ventilator fails to work properly it can cost the life of a patient. It is also important to make sure about the PPM of the ventilator device. Electrician: The electrician needs to ensure that the all the electrical connections are done properly and the all the safety tests are performed before the ventilators are used for supporting the need of the patients. All the cables that are attached to the device need yo be properly insulated, so there is no risk of short circuit and other accidents. 3: Supervisor: It is crucial to have emergency light at the operation theater of the hospital. It is the duty of the supervisor to make sure that the bio-medical engineer, who is in charge to provide emergency light during the time of surgery, is capable enough to replace the regular lights with the solar light. It is also important to make sure that the lights do not fail to perform the function during the time of emergency. The bio-medical engineer also needs to avoid panic so that it is possible to work swiftly during the time of crisis like that of in surgery. If any delay is caused during the time of surgery, it can be fatal for the patient. Intra: Context: On the first day in my internship course as Bio-medical engineer, I held meeting with the supervisor of the biomedical engineering department. After that, I was formally introduced to every worker of the department, and I got to know the role of each employee. Your role: My job was to observe the task of each staff of the biomedical department so that it is possible for me to acquire the skills necessary for a biomedical engineer. I was also able to understand the challenges and the ways to deal with them during the time of crisis. Actions Taken: If I am able to comprehend the actions needed for a situation I will able to act swiftly and ensure that the emergency need to the patients is fulfilled Performance: With the help of the experience that I gained from the workers I will able to apply my innovative thinking to deal with any situation. Guidance: I do have taken advice from the experienced biomedical engineers of the hospital. Improvement: I need to maintain calm during the time of emergency so that I do not panic and act swiftly during the time of emergency Gain/Learn: From this internship course I have able to learn all the vital skills and knowledge that is necessary for an expert biomedical engineer